Were the Achaemenids Zoroastrians?

Were The Achaemenids Zoroastrians? The Biggest Empire, which the ancient world has ever seen, would be the Achaemenid Persian Empire. This empire protracted from Anatolia, Egypt, Asia, northern India and Central Asia. Making of this empire began in 550 B. C. The Achaemenid is known as the first Persian Empire and the largest. Ancient history basically tells us Zoroastrianism developed somewhere in Iran about 1000 years after Zoroaster. Scholars have said the Achaemenids era had finally began when Cyrus the great successfully went against his father in law who was ruler of the Medians.That is when Zoroastrianism started to influence the Median tribes. The Median then began to move eastwards past the Zagros mountains. They moved to Kermanshah and began to connect with Zoroastrians. Within the same time period in the southern Iran Persians moved towards the East. The Persians then started to overpower a tribe called the Elamites. While this was taking place Zoroastrianism moved forward among all Medians and Persians which were moving towards the East. Little about Zoroastrianism was known until around 549-550 BCE.When Cyrus the great who lead the Persians founded Western Iran and created the first biggest Persian Empire. The Achaemenid period developed around 558 B. C by Cyrus the great. The Zoroastrian religion then united forces with the Persian Empire. No one actually knows what happen to the Zoroastrian community after Zoroaster passed away. As for his message it was said that it had eventually gone all across the Iranian world. It is not certain how long it had taken for Zoroastrianism to become the Iranians main religion. Zoroastrianism had gone through the Iranian worlds Western part by the 6th century BCE.The Iranian people practiced their traditional Iranian religion up until the beginning of the Achaemenid Empire, on which they had converted to Zoroastrianism. Cyrus king of the Acheamnids Empire had replaced the Median Empire with the Achaemenid Empire. The Achaemenid was the first empire in ancient history that had a huge extension. Zoroastrianism was the main religion of the Iranians under the Achaemenids. There are many signs towards the Achaemenids being Zoroastrians such as Greek writings, Achaemenids monuments, artifacts and also texts, which were from Persia in Old Persian.All research show the early kings religion was not sure of but the later Achaemenids were Zoroastrians. On the other hand, there is a particular way which points out the Achaemenid kings were Zoroastrians. Which would be in the way they use the name Ahura Mazda. The Achaemnids kings frequently mention the supreme God as a creator. In doing so it at least strongly shows the kings were somewhat influenced by Zoroastrianism. It is not certain on Cyrus’s beliefs but it has been believed to be linked somewhere around Zoroaster’s date.It is also believed Cyrus was very much influenced by Zoroaster’s teachings due to his policies and acts. On e of many acts would be he freed all the Jewish people and allowed them to go home. Scholars have said the Zoroastrianism religion had a big influence on his decision. There are many reasons not knowing Cyrus's beliefs one of many would be there is no mention about Cyrus in the Zoroastrian tradition. By the 6th century B. C the Achaemenid royal house had accepted Zoroastrianism. Cyrus the great had also took all Eastern Iranians under his rule.Due to being their first meeting with the Greeks the Persians had already turned Zoroastrian and were learning Zoroaster from them. The Greeks have said Cyrus had named one of his daughters Atossa that comes from Hutaosa the queen of Vishtaspa one of Zoroaster’s royal patrons. Cyrus’s action towards Zoroastrianism showed he was a loyal worshipper. But he did not make any attempted to force the Iranian religion on his alien subject. The fact that Cyrus body had been laid in sepulchers and embalmed and not exposed according to the Zoroastrianism tradition it has kept scholars uncertain on his beliefs.As you can see almost nothing is known about Cyrus's beliefs. Scholars have also said he had followed the guidance of the Magians. It is also strongly believed by Mary Boyce that Cyrus was indeed a Zoroastrian and that he had followed in his ancestor’s footsteps. The God, which the Achaemnid kings believed in, was the great Ahura Mazda. From whom they believed had given them their empire and also who guided them through all accomplished deeds. In the Zoroastrian religion fire plays a very important part, as far as the Old Iranian religion fire also played an important role.Many depictions show the Achaemenid kings worshipping before a fire. This is one of many facts that make you believe the kings were Zoroastrians. As I stated before Cyrus’s beliefs were not sure of, but kings after Cyrus are believed to have practiced Zoroastrianism. As for the Persians just like many other ancient people they had started off with a polytheistic religion and believed in the forces of nature. They had believed there were Gods of nature, such as the sun and sky. They also believed the Gods had social powers. During the 5th century B. C the official Persian religion became the state religion.Even though all mankind were given permission to follow any religion of their choice, the entire Achaemenids Empire was forced to pay a temple tax of 10%. This tax supported the Zoroastrianism practice and encouraged the empire to follow it. There is much of a debate if the Achaemnids were Zoroastrians however the Achaemenids were know to be worshipers of Ahura Mazda. As all conclusions have shown, you can see that the Acheamnids kings and empire were Zoroastrians. I would not say the Persians had much of a choice at first, but as time went on they all practiced Zoroastrianism.I personally would not say all Persians at the time had a fair choice. Even though it was said ‘’ all subjects were per mitted freedom of religion’’. The reason why I do not think they had a fair choice would be, because all subjects were required to pay a 10% temple tax to support Zoroastrianism. In the ancient time I am sure there were poor people who could not afford to pay the tax. Which gave them no choice but to practice the Zoroastrian religion. Another reason I would say Persians had to practice Zoroastrianism because of the royal family who had already accepted the religion.They were the rulers of the empire where mankind was living. Since the rulers had already accepted Zoroastrianism I guess there were some people who accepted the religion and some who did not have a choice. Zoroastrianism is one of the world’s oldest religions that formed in Iran. So it makes it Impossible not to have had an impact change in the ancient times. As I have explained before, it is not certain of Cyrus’s beliefs. However scholars have said his actions have shown he was a loyal worsh ipper towards the Zoroastrian religion.Nothing is known in how long it took the whole Achaemenids to accept Zoroastrianism but eventually they had all accepted Zoroastrianism. In all the information on the Acheamnids religion it all points out that the Acheamnids were indeed Zoroastrians. Bibliography: M. Boyce, ‘’ Zoroaster and His Teachings,’’ in Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and practices. London, 2001 : 48-77 http://www. iranchamber. com/history/articles/achaemenid_society_culture. php http://www. cais-soas. com/CAIS/Religions/iranian/Zarathushtrian/zoroastrianism

Research Paper on Fun Things Essay

For this assignment, you will compose a ten-page research paper on a great thinker chosen from the attached list. There are three components to this assignment. The first is that you will write about the major thought, idea, or system of belief for which the great thinker was known. Secondly, you will write about two or three ways in which the teachings of the great thinker influenced history. Thirdly, you will provide a thoughtful analysis of at least one idea touted by the great thinker. You will need to research and properly document eight to ten scholarly sources using the MLA standard for citation. In addition to writing the paper, you will be learning and implementing a way to organize your research and writing. You will receive two grades for this assignment: one for the final paper and one for the research and writing prep work. Research Component Research is an important skill for college students to learn and implement. When done well, research will help strengthen an argument, prove a point, verify facts, and explain with first-hand knowledge. At its most basic level, research is studying the works of experts in any given field. For instance, if I want to research heart surgery, I will locate experts in the field of cardiology and read what they say about the heart. In reading their works, which may consist of published studies, medical journal articles or medical books, or informative medical websites or blogs, I am presuming and appealing to their expert knowledge and skill in an area I know little or nothing about. In short, I’m reading and studying their work in order to learn. For your research paper, you will be appealing to the expert knowledge of a great thinker. You will research articles and/or books that were either written by the great thinker (we call this a primary source) or by someone who studied the great thinker (we call this a secondary source). For example, let’s say you are studying Jonathan Edwards (great puritan theologian). Were you to read and study his actual sermons, you would be researching a primary source. Were you to read and study what John Piper (present day pastor and avid Jonathan Edwards fan) has written about the theology of Jonathan Edwards, then you would be conducting secondary research. Both primary and secondary sources are very valuable when writing research papers. Usually primary research is considered to be the most reliable in that it is closest to the original (the idea originator, the eye-witness account, the photograph, etc†¦). A good research paper will be able to navigate both types of research and carefully integrate it appropriately. For the purposes of this assignment, you’ll be doing both because you’ll be concerned with what the great thinker actually taught and that will best be discovered by his or her actual writings, and you’ll be concerned with how his or her thoughts influenced history, which is most likely written by other scholars. In addition to conducting primary and secondary research, you’ll need to make sure that your sources are consider scholarly; that is, your sources come from people who have appropriate expertise in the field of you are studying. This will not be an issue with your primary sources because you will go straight to the source (i.e., you’ll study the writings or Marx or Lewis), but it will be more of an issue in secondary sources. How to tell if an article or book is considered scholarly or written by an authoritative expert in the field can be tricky, but here are a few rules: 1. Does the author have an educational background that would account for the knowledge in the article or book? 2. In the case of articles, is it published in a peer-reviewed journal? 3. Does the article or book offer analysis and critique of original sources or just give mere impressions or opinions? Another term I have mentioned in regards to research is MLA citation (Modern Language Association). MLA is a method of citation that is used primarily in the humanities that indicates the source of your research. Learning MLA citation rules takes time and lots of effort, but it is a necessary part of conducting and writing a well-researched paper. For this assignment, you’ll need at least eight scholarly sources that may include journal articles or books but may NOT include websites. There will be in-class lectures that will teach you where to locate scholarly resources and how to properly keep track and cite them. As I see it, there are two major avenues of research for this paper: the first is research involving the actual ideas of the great thinker. The second is research involving the analysis of the thinker’s ideas. Content of Research Paper As mentioned in the assignment overview, there are two components to this research paper. The first is that you will research the major idea or set of ideas for which the great thinker was known. This will be the first section of the research paper and will include a thorough explanation of the great thinker’s idea or ideas and he or she came to belief or think in such a way. The second section of the paper will include a discussion on two or three of the major ways the great thinker’s ideas influenced history. The third section is where you provide thoughtful analysis about at least one of the great thinker’s ideas. This is not, necessarily, an argument, but rather it is an opportunity for you to break down the idea and comment on it yourself. Although I’m more interested in your analysis, it may help to research how others have analyzed and critiqued your great thinker’s ideas. In this section you may 1. Critique the thinker’s idea 2. Break down the thinker’s ideas and provide additional clarification or implication 3. Show how different scholars have viewed or interpreted the great thinker’s ideas and whether agree or disagree 4. Show why the thinker’s ideas produced negative or positive effects on society, theology, history, etc. 5. Any combination of the above. Please note that I do not wanting you to write a biography; that is, I do not want detailed discussion on the great thinker’s family history, marriage, hobbies, physical appearance, personal health, friends, etc. unless is it absolutely pertinent to his or her intellectual contribution. Paper Organization Each of you will be required to create an outline for your paper and turn it in as part of the assignment. Additionally, you will be required to keep track of all research and turn in your research notes. Research Organization I will require you to keep track of your sources through Microsoft One Note or Word, whichever works best for you. For every source you look at, you’ll need to record the following information: 1. Source Title- title of the article or book 2. Source Location-book, ebook with web address, journal article with web address 3. Source Citation- MLA citation as it would appear in your works cited page 4. What-what information are you using from the source. If it is short, type it here. If it is a chapter or large section, write down the major idea or some key words and the necessary information to find it in your source easily (page or section numbers, headings, etc.). 5. Plan- how you plan on using the information You will have at least eight records with the above information, although it is much more likely you’ll have more and may not use all sources in the actual writing of the paper. That is okay. Note: Make sure you accurately record information for every source because you won’t remember. Grading Criteria: Each paper will be graded on the following: 1. Accurate, detailed, and thoughtful discussion and analysis of the great thinker’s ideas 2. Coherent, fluid prose 3. Accurate implementation of MLA citation 4. Integration of scholarly sources 5. Proper adherence to Standard English grammar and style 6. Proper adherence to page length and formatting guidelines

Refutation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refutation - Essay Example First, Bernstein argues that this social networking site causes irritation through nonsensical postings. Second, Facebook lacks the essence of communicating through body language and voice. Third, Facebook users seem to be sharing what is supposed to be personal stuff thus adding to the irritation. Fourth, Facebook users are narcissistic bores who feel the urgent need to frequently update their friends of the silliest things other people would not even care about knowing. Fifth, Facebook users who have shifting personalities cause extreme discomfort to others who know only one of their identities. Sixth, the endless postings about one’s successes tend to bring about jealousy among one’s Facebook friends. Lastly, Facebook becomes a tool for otherwise â€Å"nice† people to conveniently express their violence and aggression against those whom they have difficulty confronting. Although Bernstein’s arguments above may lend themselves to a certain degree of truth, I still disagree. First, the irritation that some Facebook users experience is only a matter of personal opinion. Not everyone would feel the same way with constant, repetitive messages like those saying â€Å"I love you† so it is almost always a case to case basis. Second, although Facebook lacks the actual face of the other person who communicates, it is certainly faster and more easily accessible compared to face-to-face communication. Third, although we know that some things should remain private, we do not have any right to impose on anyone what he must keep to himself. Besides, one’s privacy is no one else’s business. If I would want to blabber endlessly about my break-ups, for example, then no one has any right to stop me from doing that. Fourth, probably what Facebook users who are accused of incessant narcissism actually do is simply express themselves in a no- holds-barred

Not defined,a proposal which combines IT and business together Research

Not defined,a which combines IT and business together - Research Proposal Example In addition, the IT technology remains dynamic and requires that organizational leaders remain focused and flexible to adopt emerging technologies. Research has shown that the main reason why most organizations have failed to realize their business goals is because they have failed to successfully implement IT in their supply operations. This qualitative analysis aims at investigating the impact of the IT in the organization supply chain management. The primary purpose of this project is to investigate the impact of information technology on the supply chain management. In the business environment, it is a priority for the business managers to streamline the supply chain to ensure that they realize optimum profits as per their set goals. The ability of organization to integrate information technology in their supply helps them improve the organizational performance. The specific objective of this paper is to assess the impact of IT in the supply chain management in terms of cost reduction and effectiveness. The findings of this research will help organizations to successfully integrate IT in their business operations and provide an opportunity for organizations to improve their supply chain management strategy. The cumulative impact of this in business is to minimize supply chain expenses, increase efficiency and hence optimize profits. Research shows that the reason why organizations have failed to achieve effectiveness in their supply chain management is because they have undermined the value of information technology in streamlining the supply chain. Schillewaert states that majority of the organization have failed to integrate information technology in their business operations because they fail to understand its value in improving the efficiency of the supply chain. In this view, this research will provide the value of Information technology to the supply chain managers and provide an

The Educational Programs and Specifications Assignment

The Educational Programs and Specifications - Assignment Example Developing educational specifications provides a means of communication between educators and architects. These purposes as identified by the North Carolina State Board of Education, 2002 are outlined below I. It shapes the individual thought which enables the person to reach a consensus before taking it to be designed.Normally, writing these specifications gives the staff an opportunity to collect and analyze information about the methods of teaching, the utilization of space furniture and equipment and other variables relating to teaching. This is vital for it enables the teachers to prepare adequately giving quality services to the students. (Alonsabe, 2010) II. It also acts as a means of public relations. This implies that it seeks the active participation of the members of the community that involves parents to support the school. Normally, representatives of community agencies are also consulted in the process. (Alonsabe, 2010) III. Finally, it provides a continuous and final evaluation. It has a tangible statement where the various stages of the design process can be evaluated. This is accomplished through the continuous dialogue of education program which exists between the architect and the educators. (Alonsabe, 2010) I. This body identifies the educational program and space needs for all schools without partiality. The program is checked to ensure that it follows the general rule of teaching to ensure that there is quality. II. The body provides equity and parity in terms of the general rules for the designing process. This also entails having the same vision and guidelines for all facilities. This is important in the harmonizing the general teaching strategy to ensure all students at a particular level gain the same quality education. III. It provides regularity of elements i.e. Equipment to be used, Lighting in the building and the general finishes.  

Death Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Death Syndrome - Essay Example Among such conditions is what is generally termed as the sudden death syndrome (SDS). This notion pertains to a bunch of different medical cases that may be associated with various causes. What is important, though, is that to SDS are susceptible young people who have previously manifested no visible disturbing symptoms that would suggest that such incidents might happen. In this regard, it is perhaps the most important task for the medical establishment to target the younger part of the general public in order to inform it about the risks associated with SDS. More specifically, drinking, as one of the most prevalent types of harmful behavior in young adults that may be linked with SDS, should be specifically addressed with the hope to decrease the teenage abuse of alcohol. Let us take a look at what forms SDS may take, and try to see why the investigation of the linkage between SDS and teenage drinking is important to researchers. As we have mentioned, SDS is the term that may be used to cover a wide range of incidents of unexpected non-traumatic and non-violent deaths due to natural causes. In fact, cases of SDS affect people with such diverse illnesses as epilepsy (such epilepsy related deaths are termed Sudden Unexpected and Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) (Lathers and Schraeder, 1990) and Fatty Liver Syndrome (FLS) of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic origin (Randall, 1980). As shown by research, even young athletes have something to fear, as some of them, mostly males according to statistics, fall victim of sudden deaths due to hard to detect heart diseases (Testa, 2006), and while different types of cardiovascular disease may be uncovered postmortem, any such death is quite disturbing. But perhaps the most perplexing, due to the apparent lack of underlying pathologies, type of heart-related sudden deaths is associated with Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome (SADS), which is a disorder of the hearts e lectrical system capable of killing seemingly healthy individuals without warning. SADS is also known as Long QT Syndrome. This syndrome interferes with the length of time between the onset of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the electrical cycle of the heart called QT interval, which is needed for the recharge of the hearts electrical system after a heartbeat. People with a prolonged QT interval are more likely to develop an abnormally fast hearth rhythm called arrhythmia. When this happens, blood cannot flow from the heart, and the person can lose consciousness and may suddenly die as the result of the brain deprivation of blood. It is currently known that this dysfunction has its roots in an abnormality of protein structures of cells in the heart referred to as ion channels. These cells indeed serve as the channels that control the flow of such ions as sodium, calcium, and potassium. It is the pattern of the inflow and outflow of these ions that generates the hearts electr ical activity. It is also known that dysfunctions of these channels may be acquired, for example due to the effect of some medicines, or inborn, when a mutation in one of the genes responsible for the formation of channels occurs. In this respect, it is unknown exactly which inherited defects lay ground for different types of arrhythmias. For instance, it is thought by some researches that cases of SUDEP also work by inducing

Fruit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fruit - Essay Example Sit tight, this is going to be one intellectually enlightening experience. According to Rakesh Mohan Hallen (â€Å"Taste and Smell†) the chemical composition of fruits dictate the flavor that we taste within it. He further explains that: â€Å"During the process of the ripening of a fruit or roasting or frying a papad the chemical substances present in them undergo some chemical changes, which transforms the structure of some of the molecules that elicit a particular taste.(Allen,Rakesh, Mohan, â€Å"Taste and Smell†). This would mean that the level of fructose, glucose, acid, and citric aid within fruits dictate the final sweetness or sourness of the ripened fruit (Mawuli, 2011). Seed dispersal is actually an interesting topic of which very little is known. What we do know however, is that the ripening of a fruit helps in seed dispersal because the seed pods of over ripened fruits tend to burst open thus scattering the seeds into the wind for depositing over vast land areas. Humans have also helped in propagating seed dispersal because of our tendency to carry fruit trees and plants that we consider decorative when we migrate from one place to another thus allowing for the spread of fruit and vegetable crops throughout various territories. (Hodag, 2011). However, considering that human beings tend to create fecal matter that is not deposited back into the soil but rather in sewer systems and land fills, human beings tend to disrupt the balance when it comes to seed dispersal because the seeds do not get back into the soil as a fertilizer as it would normally do when consumed by wild animals and the like. Now as we all know, polysaccharides, also known as starch, is a molecule that is not easily digested in its original form. It must be broken down into simpler forms such as fructose, which is a monosaccharide, in order to metabolize it. In fruits, these

Intreview Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intreview - Coursework Example This leadership interview was conducted on Friday, July 18, 2014 via email. This is because the President of Coca Cola North America was not available in his USA office; he was attending a management meeting in Japan. The respondent in the research information collection process is the President of Coca Cola North America, Mr. J. Alexander M. Douglas Jr. He responded to the interview question at 9.23PM, July 18, 2014. Motivation entails the driving force that ensures increased productivity of employees of an organization (Hersey et al., 2013). Motivation is the inner drive that makes people (employees) to behave in an appropriate manner that enhances organizational productivity. Motivation has multidisciplinary roots; comprising philosophical, social, cognitive and behavioral aspects. Motivation provides impulse that optimizes well being, and maximizes satisfaction. Employees should be motivated to work for a given company; if motivation is not adequate then work productivity will deteriorate (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004). In the Coca Cola Company, employees are mostly motivated through the employee recognition programs. Employee recognition entails changing the corporate culture so as to achieve initiatives and goals, and also to connect the staffs to core values and beliefs of the company. Strategic recognition entails programs that enhance employee motivation and retention. Coca cola ensures that all employees are equipped with appropriate training that ensures competency and thereafter motivation that drive performance (Cofer & Applev, 1997). Mr. Alexander has done a great work in ensuring staff motivation. This is because he has created a favorable environment that ensures enhanced employee performance, employee skills improvement, and employee career development. Performance excellence is ensured through provision of resources for work, job learning, and career progress (Cofer & Applev, 1997). On

Conducting successful meetings Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conducting successful meetings - Coursework Example Through allocation, the various people account for their action and, therefore, strive to achieve success in their respective roles thereby contributing to the success of the meeting. After assigning the tasks to different people, a meeting planner must maintain team operation with the various individuals. This ensures that they consult and, therefore, prevent mistakes. Reviewing all the actions and responsibilities at the end of the meeting further enhances the success of the meeting. The act provides the organizers with the opportunity to assess the performance of the various people assigned specific tasks. Furthermore, the review enables the organizers to assess the facilities used in the meeting and their status. Damages, loses and accidents are occurrences that even organizers must always anticipate. The review is, therefore, a perfect opportunity to assess the degree of damage and loses in order to evaluate the meeting. During the assessment, every individual assigned a task accounts for his or her roles and describes the challenges encountered. Such reviews enable the organizers to learn with the view to bettering future meetings by correcting they make in every meeting. A good meeting planer must provide a summary of the meeting coupled with the deliverables. The summary coupled with the deliverables act as the meeting’s blueprint. It explains the importance and significance of the meeting. furthermore, the summary explains the various features a meeting requires. This enables the planer to tailor an event that befits a particular meeting. The provision of a summary enhances the organization process since it helps in securing the resources in the organization of a successful meeting (Boehme, 2008). When outlining the deliverables, the planner must account for every facility and resource included and cover for miscellaneous. This way, the meeting anticipates

The Causes of the War of 1812 Essay Example for Free

The Causes of the War of 1812 Essay What is thought to be a main cause of a war? Territory and religion are big causes of the wars today. The war of 1812 was when war broke out again between the United States and Britain. There are three main causes that led to the war of 1812, Impressment, the British Incitement with the Indians, and the war hawks. Although there may be other factors that one may say caused the war, these topics are the major causes, and are what impacted America. In this essay I will explain the causes in detail and provide you with a greater understanding of the causes of the war of 1812. The issue of impressment and the interference of trade are both what caused the war of 1812.One of the main issues between the United States and Britain was because of blockades that were used to seal up Britain’s ports and prevent ships from entering or leaving. Because of the blockade Britain seized more than 1,000 American ships and confiscated their cargo. Also the embargo act affected the trade between the two countries, because it put a ban on exporting products to other countries. The US thought this act would make the British honor American neutrality, but it actually backfired and hurt the US more than it did to Britain. The ban was lifted on foreign trade in 1809, except with Britain and France. Impressment was the practice of seizing US ships and drafting them into the British navy. America focused their anger on the British because of impressment. The British viewed impressment as a gain for their navy, they needed more man power to fight in war. America was angry the practice of impressment, and they feared if they lost they would lose independence. The irony of the issue of impressment as a cause for the war was, that two days before we went to Britain, they lifted the British policy of impressment but it was no longer an issue. Another cause of the war of 1812 was the British incitement with the Indians. Tecumseh was the Shawnee chief who formed a confederacy and began negotiations with Britain for assistance in defeating America, and continuing to press Hamilton and his white settler to withdraw from the Native American land that Tecumseh wanted all to himself. The British were providing the Indians with weapons because they had an alliance and they both wanted to create a war with America because of the trade issues that went on beforehand. The Indians were taking the weapons from the British because they needed an additional support in order to gain the land they wanted. Because the British were supplying Indians with weapons the Americans felt under attack. The last cause of the war of 1812 was the group known as the war hawks. The war hawks were a group of young congress men from the south and the west of the united states. They called for war against Britain, because they found out that the Native Americans were being supplied with weapons from the British. They thought it was unfair because they were being pushed to withdraw from their land and to hand it over to the natives, but the natives were allied with Britain and had a larger army and more weapons, and it gave them a greater advantage. The US military was unprepared before the war began; they were not as strong and equipped as the British were. In conclusion the main causes of the war of 1812 were impressment, the British incitement with the Indians, and the war hawks. The British policy of impressment caused anger to arise in America, because of the seizing of their ships. As in letter from the commander of the U.S.S. Chesapeake stated â€Å"at 150 yards range they fired their first broadside. It came without warning†¦ nor were we prepared to fight†, the British took advantage of the US because they were unprepared, and the British were confident and well equipped. The British incitement of the Indians also caused great tension in America. The Indians were being armed with British guns, and they used them to attack the US and gain land. The war hawks caused the war of 1812 because they were infuriated that the native Americans were using weapons from Britain, and they were aided with help.

Market Analysis On Jewellery In India

Market Analysis On Jewellery In India 1.0 Introduction Marketing communication plays a vital role while launching a new brand or product in todays cut-throat market. It is a form of persuasion which plays the role to understand the communicators purpose (ethos) and the communication process (pathos) thus in having an influencing effect with the customer(logos) This document describes in-depth the process involved to launch a new brand of jewellery called Cadbury Gems Limited in the Indian market as well as the UK market. 2.0 Cadbury Gem Analysis Cadbury Gem has product line only in the jewellery in gold, platinum, colored gems and diamond. By 2015, its main focus will be on corporate social responsibility while operating any process. It has plans of launching Teenager Collection of white jewellery by 2014. Their main competitors are Tanishq and Gili. 3.0 Market Analysis on Jewellery in India The Indian jewellery market is large and consist of unbranded where branded jewellery accounts only for less than 2% per year and 300,000 consists of unorganized one. The dominant players in the field of jewellery manufacturing are Italy, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, United States. Leading player in the Indian jewellery are Gili part of the Gitanjali Gems Limited and Tansihq, Reliance Jewel, Joyalukkas. 4.0 About Cadbury Gems The Cadbury Gems Limited will cater the primary target women and secondary target men in the age group of 25-40 years in the domestic market and the international market. It will provide a differential advantage by providing Personalized Service for loyal customer in terms of design and patterns and expert advice on wedding jewellery in the UK market. 5.0 PEST Analysis Political The Indian Government has taken up measures to lower import duty of platinum and gems ,colored stones are exempted from tax .There are plans of Indian Government to establish Diamond Bourses. Economic Due to the global economic recession, Indias gems and jewellery export and import also got affected it.The dynamic change in the exchange rates of pounds and INR affects the domestic as well as international market .It affected the GDP of Indian economy and thus lessen the consumer expenditure too affecting the sales. Socio-Cultural The socio and cultural plays a huge role in the Jewellery market of India as jewellery is considered to be a tradition from ancestral time and it is a necessity in many of its cultural occasion . Technological India has become the leading manufacturer in terms of jewellery because of its advanced technology and according to GPEC there is a rise of 18% to 407.36 lakh carats for cut and polished diamond. 6.0 Competitor Analysis 6.0.1 About Tanishq Tanishq is one of the pioneers in branded jewellery and largest jewellery brand in India founded in 1995 AT Hosur, Tamil Nadu. It is a part of Titan Industry-group endorsed by the Tata Group. It has 118 stores in 76 major cities of India and has a market share of 50% in branded jewellery. Tanishq product lines consist of the following: Tanishq Diamonds Tanishq Gold Tanishq Platinum 6.0.2 Segmentation Tanishq has segmented its consumer based on the three types. They are segmented as follows: Behavioral Tanishq exemplifies behavioral segmentation as it portrays purchase occasion based on festival like diwali, akshaya, tritiya, karva chauth. It also segment its jewellery as everyday wear, special occasion wear and wedding wear like Lightweight Colours an everyday wear, Enamel and Diamonds Psychographic and Profile It also shows profile and lifestyle segmentation as it segments its jewellery called Collection G called nine-to-five jewellery. It also has collection called All Day Diamonds which are affordable and can be worn throughout the day 24 *7. It also tries to capture the different designs in new region like Bengali design in Delhi, Kerala style in Tamil Nadu etc 6.0.3 Targeting Differentiated: Different marketing mix are applied for each segment. Customized: Different marketing mix are applied for each customer. Differentiated marketing and customized marketing strategies are used. Its design was created for niche market for elite Indians but then concentrated on mass marketing. It targets women who are modern yet grounded and men who are above 25 years. 6.0.4 Positioning Uses product repositioning and act as a brand for elite people in India of international brand but then re-positioned in the market as Jewellery for adornment. Tanishq has come up with Aamra mix of western and traditional .It position the brand which provides trust and guaranteed purity. 6.0.5 Communication Strategies Tanishq Pull Strategy Advertising To create brand equity it uses the approach of 360 degree. They focus on celebrity endorsement as people in India are highly obsessed with the celebrity and create a huge impact and associate with events like marriage , diwali,raksha bandhan. Print advertisement Tanishq target the leading woman magazine like Femina, Filmfare which are very popular in India and other leading newspaper like The Times of India and such advertisement are frequent during occasions and it is quite seasonal. Tanishq Push Strategy Sales promotion and associating with Events Tanishq has a tie-up with Bollywood movie like Paheli. Promotion like Free Gold Coin Campaign, then Freeze Your Gold Price during the festival of Dhanteras are used. Public Relation Recently they have organized Diamonds of Class which target woman who are bold and the beautiful where Tanishq diamond complementing her lifestyle. Direct marketing Internet Sales and catalogues are used. Offers and Discount It offers and discount in festive occasion like Diwali, Mothers Day, Valentine Day, Environment Day and also target specific segment of working woman by coming up with the collection called Tanishq Collection-G .It also organizes joint promotion with LOreal and Wills Lifestyle. 6.1.1 About Gili Gili is a part of the Gitanjali Gems Limited (GGL).Gili is founded in 1994 and it is symbolizes youth, love and emotions has its headquarter is based at Mumbai. It is known for producing a heart-shaped diamond of 0.03 carat and 25 patented patterns. It has 3000 retail outlet in India and contributes a share of 40% in an organized jewellery market. It has a market share of 8.3%. Gili has collection of Work Valentine Traditional Teens Mens Collection Mangalsutra 6.2.2 Segmentation Gili segment based on the following: Behavioral Gili has segmented based on purchase occasion like Valentine, wedding, birthday, anniversary and has Valentine ,Mangalsutra,Traditional collections. Profile and Lifestyle Gili again has work collection .They have the Men collection and have jewellery based on the income like segmenting the jewellery with price. 6.2.3 Targeting Gili follows the differentiated and mass marketing. It creates a sense of high-quality studded diamond of contemporary design. They have the collection for working woman in particular. They have targeted even the men with Mens collection.They target in the age group of 15-30 years of age. 6.2.3 Positioning Image repositioning its brand as a brand which represents trust by adhering to authentic certification, quality and reliable by keeping standard practices .It creates a differential advantage by positioning as a brand that created the first 0.03 karat heart-shaped diamond the smallest in the world. 6.2.4Communication Strategies Gili Pull Strategy Advertising Bipashu Basu is the brand ambassador and endorses the products by associating it with events like Valentine day. Print Advertising in leading newspaper like The Telegraph, Times of India and advertising in leading magazine like Filmfare. Gili Push Strategy Events Indians are fascinated by the celebrities so they organized star visits and sponsoring films like in Vivaah,Krissh .They also sponsored the Lakme Fashion Week and Femina Miss India Contest. Joint- Promotion It is done through retailer like Shoppers Stop. Direct-mailers and catalogue They employ this strategy and received a huge feedback and have increased the sales enormously. 7.0 Launch of Cadbury Gem in India 7.0.1 Communication Objectives To generate brand awareness of 60% of Cadbury Gem to both men and women who are in the age group of 25-40 by March 2012. To create a brand image that can be trusted and caters Personalized Service in terms of design. To change peoples attitude that jewellery can also be worn by men often. 7.0.2 Communication Strategy Pull strategy will be used to create awareness. To create brand image of trust which caters Personalized Service profile strategy will be used. Communication appeal will be more of emotional like the experience associate with the festive season and events and the benefits and a bit of rational like the price and the quality it will offer. The perceived risk will be financial risk. 7.0.3 Segmentation Cadbury Gems will segment based on Behavioral It will be based on purchase occasion, purchase behavior, usage segmentation. Purchase occasion As done by the contemporary, it will make use of occasions like Wedding Anniversary, Birthdays and important Indian festival like Raksha Bandhan,Holi. It will create collection such as Festive Collection suitable for any festival and All in One Occasions collection. Purchase behavior It will target the innovators who are ready to take risk in buying the product as soon as the launch is done. Usage segmentation: It will target heavy as well as light user i.e women who are already using and men who just contribute 20% of the jewellery purchase. Belief and Values It will target men and women who believe in living and celebrating life. Psychographic It will used lifestyle and personality segmentation. Lifestyle It will target women who are sophisticated as well as ordinary women of simple lifestyle. For men, it will target metrosexual men and has collection called Exclusive for Men. Personality It will aim at people who are innovators who accepts the new product soon and who are expressive where Cadbury Gems portrays who they are. It will have collection called Itz Me. Profile: It will use age as criteria to segment. Age It will target men and women who are in the age group of 25-40. 7.0.4 Targeting It will use differentiated and customized marketing. It will design its jewellery for men and women in the age group of 25-40 years with specified design of their choice. The customer can come up with its pattern and specification of their choice and it will take minimum lead days of 10 days to deliver to their customer. 7.0.5 Positioning: Perceptual Map: High Price Tanishq Gitanjali Gems Limited Reliance Jewellery Wide Product Range Cadbury Gem Narrow Product Range Joyallukas Low Price Fig: Perpetual Map It will use tangible repositioning for the mens collection as it will focus on mens section by creating Exclusive for Men Collection. For the womens section it will use product repositioning by introducing Itz Me collection, All in One Occasions, Festive Collection. Differential advantage will be achieved by positioning as a trusted brand which provides Personalized Services employing designers who can give feedbacks about the design the customer comes up and suggest expert ideas to the customer effectively and efficiently. 7.0.6 Message The aim of the campaign is to create brand awareness among the women who are the primary target and also the secondary target men both in the age group of 25-40 years and also to create an impact as a brand that cater the customers needs by giving Personalized Service to those customer who are loyal to Cadbury Gems. 7.0.7 Launch Date The advertising campaign will run throughout the year starting from April 2011 till the end of March 2012 giving main focus during the festive season like November, December as these are the season where major festivals occur in India. It is expected to launch its product in April 2012. 7.0.8 Budget  £20 million will be allocated as people are not aware of the products therefore huge amount needs to be invested in campaigning and advertising. 8.0 Integrated Communication Plan Integrated Communication plan plays an important role to pass the same message to the targeted audience in a consistent way so that they are not confuse, mislead if it employs different communication channel without integrating . It will used both above the line and below the line strategy and profile too. 8.0.1 Above the line Advertising on TV Advertisement will be put on popular channel like Sony ,Star Plus, Zee TV,C olors where popular soaps and serial are transmitted. Justification Impact large audience in a short span of time and helps to increase word of mouth. Short lead time Target the women of age 25-40 and put the ads in between popular soap and serials likeUttaran,Jyoti,Balika Vadhu. Frequency of the Ad will be like 7-8 times in the channels mentioned above. Magazines and Newspaper Advertisement will be placed on leading magazine like Woman Era, Outook, Readers Digest and on leading newspaper like The Hindu,The Economic Times as these are the magazines read by corporate men and women. Justification The ad will remain as long as the magazine and newspaper are kept. Target both the men and women through this channel of communication Credibility of the information is high. Metrosexual men and corporate consumer youth will be targeted easily. FM Radio Short Ad with be played in major FM station like Radio City and Radio Mirchi and Meow. Justification Low cost. Can reach large consumers faster with short lead time and Ad will be placed more around 9-11 A.M and 5-7 P.M the working hours of most of the company and timing for college goers too. Medium to high salaried people, youth who are fashion conscious of both the sexes will be reached easier. Billboards 15 X20 billboards will be placed especially near the mall, cinema -theatre, plazas and area where colleges and companies are more. Justification Comparatively involves lower cost and frequency of exposure is high. Information and persuasion can be done effectively and efficiently leading to brand awareness. 8.0.2 Below the line Direct Marketing Mails will be sent to such customer about the designs and new collection. It will target the loyal and frequent buyer of Cadbury Gem by giving loyalty card and points to those regular buyer. Customer which exceeds 1000 points will be given free Personalized Service giving expert expert advice to the design the customer has come up. Justification It will give good return of investment of if clear database is maintained about the customer. After achieving the brand awareness of 60%, direct marketing can be used to create profile strategy projecting as a brand of trust and customer oriented. Sponsorship and Exhibition It will sponsor and associate with Bollywood Movies to showcase its collection. It will also sponsor the major ramp shows held Lakme Fashion Week and events like Femina Miss India Contest, Zee Cinema Awards and organize exhibition where popular male celebrity John Abraham will be the brand ambassador Justification Helps in rectifying the customer perception and beliefs. To attract new customer and attain new customer. Chances of face-face meeting with the potential customer thus enhancing relationship building. E-media It will make use of the social networking sites like Facebook,Twitter and Orkut which are quite popular to promote their products. Justification Relatively cost-effective. Information can be spreaded like wildfire thus increasing word of mouth. 9.0 Launch of Cadbury Gem in the UK Market 9.0.1 Communication Objective To create an awareness of 5% among the non-resident Indian in the UK market by March 2012. 9.0.2 Communication Strategy To create an awareness of 5% among the non-resident Indian in the UK market by using both push and pull strategy. 9.0.3 Segmentation Cadbury Gems will segment based on behavioral,psychographic,lifestyle and personality as done in the domestic market. It will adopt the same strategy. 9.0.4 Targeting The strategy of targeting remains the same as in the domestic market i.e differentiated and customized. 9.0.5 Positioning Intangible positioning will be used for the men by introducing Western Mens Collection. Product positioning will be used for women and it will introduce Elegant Collection and will position as a brand that provides special attention on design and pattern on occasion of the wedding. 9.0.6 Message Its aim is to create awareness in the same sector and also to create a brand image which provides special assistance for wedding jewellery by introducing its Sophisticated Jewellery for Wedding with expert advice on design and patterns. 9.0.7 Budget Only  £10 million will be invested in campaigning and advertising. 9.0.8 Above the line It will use advertising on TV on the same channels as in domestic market ,advertisement will be displayed on magazine like Marie Claire,Vogue and Cosmopolitan exclusively. Justification NRI in UK invest their time and money on such hi-fi magazine and moreover they find the information credible. 9.0.9 Below the line It will use public relation like exhibition, sales promotion and e-media. Exhibition The exhibition will be especially for the NRI like Sophisticated Jewellery for Wedding with expert advice on design and patterns, Western Mens Collection for men and Elegant Collection for women and letting the celebrity like the former Miss World 1995 Aishwarya Rai Bachchan the brand ambassador of Cadbury Gem in such exhibition as glamour and glitz business impacts NRI in a huge way. Justification Creates awareness more as compared to other form of media. It gives a direct feedback from potential customer, face to face communication and it is an ideal way to attract new customer when new products are launched. Sales Promotion: Offer like free accessories i.e ray-ban sun glasses, branded make-up kit and discount of 20% will be given to customer who buys  £420 of jewellery. Justification It will attract the new customer and may boost up the sales when the product is too new in the market. E-media : It will make use of the social networking sites like Facebook,Twitter only as Orkut is not in use by the NRI. The reason for using this is that majority of the NRI are computer savvy.. 9.0.10 Cultural Influences for UK launch A niche market will be used to target the non-resident Indian (NRI) and there will not be huge impact of cultural influence but in terms of jewellery design it should be more sophisticated and elegant and a mixture of Indo-Western. 9.0.11 Assessing Advertsing Effectiveness Pre-testing Focus group and concept testing can be used before the launch. Post-testing Enquiry test, feedback, surveys can be used to test the recognition and recall test. This will give an idea whether the customer has accepted the product or not, if yes how much, if not where it has to give focus. 11.0 Conclusion Cadbury Gem jewellery will be launched in both the domestic i.e India and international market i.e UK keeping into consideration the various strategy and tactics that needs to be considered while launching in different market. 20million INR will be spent in the domestic market in advertising as it is competing with already established jewellery brand Tanishq and Gili. It will allocate only  £10million INR for the international market as the objective is to create awareness of only 5%. References Bhat.H Retailing, Tanishq [online] available from [26th February,2011] Bhat.H (2004)Growing the Branded Jewellery Market: An Indian Experience [online] available from [23th February, 2011] Business Map of India India Gold Market [online] available from [12th March,2011] Data Monitor Jewellery India [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Choksi.M (2010)Leader Speak [online] available from [26th February, 2011] Commodity Online Gold Industry in India to cross $26 billion by 2012 [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Data Monitor Jewellery India [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Diamond World News Service Role of Gem and Jewellery Industry Lauded in Indias Prowess [online] available from [19th February, 2011] Drobis.D.R (1998) Integrated Marketing Communications Redefined Journal of Integrated Communication Gili Beautifully You [online] available from [1st March, 2011] Gitanjali Group(2010) Gitanjali Group'[online] available from [1st March ,2011] Indian Brand Equity Foundation (2010) Gems and Jewellery [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Jewellery (2010) Jewellerry -India Euromonitor International: Country Sector Briefing Kannabiran.G, Bhaumik.S (2005) Corporate turnaround through effective supply chain management: the case of a leading jewellery manufacturer in India Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 10(5)340 348 Kanani Industries Limited Kanani Industries Limited 27th Annual Report [online] available from [19th February, 2011] Narayanan.S,Manchanda,Puneet,Chintagunta.P.K (2005) Temporal Differences in the Role of Marketing Communications in New Product Categories Journal of Marketing Research, 42(3)278-290 Narayanandas.D (2006) Tanishq: Positioning to Capture the Indian Womans Heart [online] available from http://www.credaincr.org/archive_news_details.php?nid=8531m=12y=2010> [19th February,2011] NewsJewellers find star-studded show a hit [online] available from [26th February, 2011] PoulHoumanAndersen (2001)Relationship development and marketing communication: an integrative model, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 16 (3)167 183 Rao.A (2011) Tanishq goes retro in new Diamonds of Class still campaign [online] available from [26th February, 2011] Whalen D.J (2010) Ethical Advertising Messages Design Management Journal 2(4)75-80

Thomson Highways The Rez Sisters Essay -- Thomson Highway Rez Sisters

Thomson Highway's The Rez Sisters Works Cited Not Included The play The Rez Sisters is written by one of Canada's most celebrated playwrights, Tomson Highway. Highway was born in 1951 in northwestern Manitoba. He went on to study at the University of Manitoba and graduated from the University of Western Ontario, with honors in Music and English. Native Literature is inspired by 'contemporary social problems facing native Canadians today; alcohol and drug abuse, suicide, wife battering, family violence, the racism of the justice system, loneliness, rejection, youth awareness, as well as modern-day environmental issues.';(P. 172 Native Literature in Canada.) Highway once said, 'We grew up with myths. They're the core of our identity as people.';(P. 172 Native Literature in Canada.) I am going to focus on the image and identity of Native people as seen through the play The Rez Sisters. Identity is 'how you view yourself and your life.'; (p. 12 Knots in a String.) Your identity helps you determine where you think you fit in, in your life. It is 'a rich complexity of images, ideas and associations.';(p. 12 Knots in a String.) It is given that as we go through our lives and encounter different experiences our identity of yourselves and where we belong may change. As this happens we may gain or relinquish new values and from this identity and image our influenced. 'A bad self-image and low self-esteem may form part of identity?but often the cause is not a loss of identity itself so much as a loss of belonging.'; Social psychologists suggest that identity is closely related to our culture. Native people today have been faced with this challenge against their identity as they are increasingly faced with a non-native society. I will prove that the play The Rez Sisters showed this loss of identity and loss of belonging. When a native person leaves the reservation to go and start a new life in a city they are forced to adapt to a lifestyle they are not accustomed to. They do not feel as though they fit in or belong to any particular culture. They are faced with extreme racism and stereotypes from other people in the nonreservational society. 'The Rez Sisters won the Dora Mavor Moore award for the best play in 1986-87 and later went on to earn extravagant praise at the Edinburgh Festival.'; (P. 172 Native Literature in Canada.) The play is full of comedy, trag... ...rs, '?was one of the most toughing exuberant, cleverly crafted and utterly entrancing plays?';(Cover The Rez Sisters.) Tomson Highway did a great job at giving the reader an idea of what reserve life is about. He gave us the opportunity to experience the hardships of native people and some insight to how they form their identity.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After reading this wonderfully written play I do believe that our culture plays a very important role in how we as people form our identity and determines where we feel we belong. Nanabush had a great deal to do with the women keeping their current identities and since of belonging. I feel that if we believe in a spirit and surrender or lives to them they will take care of us just as Nanabush did in this play. We all need to belong somewhere and feel comfort in our lives. We as human beings need to open our eyes and see we can all belong together and live in one society without dropping our culture but before this can happen we need to end racism and stereotyping. These are the two main factors that push people, more commonly native people, into the loss of belonging the loss of their culture and the loss of the core of their identity.

lighthod Detachment in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Detachment in Heart of Darkness In the book Heart of Darkness, Marlowe only allows himself to form only one bond. Marlowe allows himself to form a small "safe" attachment to Kurtz because Kurtz is already very attached. He does not form any other bonds. In fact, he uses his racism to eliminate the possibility of having feelings for about ninety nine percent of the African population. Marlowe not only looks at the African people as being to different from him to be normal, but he goes so far as to describe Africa as being another world, a world containing savages. He would not let himself become attached to this land, or it's inhabitants. Anytime he feels himself having a relationship with anyone, he purposely stops himself from feeling, fearing that opening himself up may result in rejection and/or heartbreak. He claimed that he felt a connection with Kurtz this, I believe, is because he knew that this was "safe." This was "safe" because he knew that Kurtz would die before any real attachment could be made. He also knew that Kurtz would not have the same feeling for him as he had for Kurtz. This is because Kurtz already had two girlfriends, and a best friend (the Russian). This was something that Marlowe could deal with because Kurtz was already deeply involved so it held little risk for intense attachment. This is also shown when the helmsman, man who steers the ship, gets killed. Marlowe says that he liked that man because he was reliable, and not mush else. He did not even shed a tear for a man that he worked everyday with for the last six months. He simply threw him overboard, thinking about it for only a few minutes and then, he walked away. The Cannibals on the ship were starving. They had almost no food with them, and were not given the opportunity to buy food. The helmsman body could have been enough food for all of them for awhile. Marlowe, acting in character, did not care about this. He said that it may start a bad chain of events. Because of this all of the Cannibals went hungry for the rest of the trip. Going along with his inability to have healthy relationships with people and his inability to care, is his racism. This racism acts as a good buffer against attachment.

Womens Roles in Ancient Times Essays -- Females Sociology Sociologica

Women's Roles in Ancient Times For years, people have said that since the beginning of civilization our society has been patriarchal. This assumption is wrong. Archeological evidence proves that in the beginnings, the cultures were female-centered, with a creator goddess. Women's roles were valued as more important than men's role specially because they could give birth. Although this is true, no evidence suggests that these cultures had a matriarchal society. In fact, the evidence found supports the idea of a society where men and women worked side by side sharing the labor, with different roles or tasks, but all equally important. This idea declined over time until we got to the point where women were treated as slaves, and societies were completely male-centered. To prove that women did actually have a very important role in the beginnings of times, we will look at evidence from three archeological sites: Paleolithic Europe, the Neolithic "Old Europe" and the Neolithic Catal Huyuk. First, Paleolithic period in Europe which contains information for the oldest civilization we know up too now, covers the years 40,000 to 10,000 BCE. In this period, people saw the universe as an all giving mother, a very powerful force that gave life. The birth giving process, was looked upon as miraculous in this times, therefore women were venerated for them posses that ability. Evidence to support this theory, can be found in the paintings on the caves discovered in this site. Fist, in these paintings female figures or feminine symbols where always placed in the center, surrounded by the masculine symbols. Also whenever animals' drawings were found in those painting, they were often drawn with big bellies implying pregnancy. E... ...a society where women took on not only an important role, but perhaps the most important role that of the creator of life. However, as society developed and cultures were born the world changed, and we came upon what we have today. A world, where women not only do not have the important role it had before, but had to fight to get the minimal human rights that any human is entitled to. After generations, today we are able to support the importance of the role of women in the creation of many of the principal societies have been built upon such as agriculture and art. In spite of the many changes through the generations, there is one irrefutable fact that will always ensure the place of women in history, we will always be the giver-of-life. Even if that role has been cast down from that of a Goddess to that of an everyday woman, the miracle of it still remains intact.

Sdadsada

Survey Name: _________________________________ Contact number: ________________ |    Please take a moment to rate NRC2 Garden Resort. Check your chosen answer. Thank you for lending us your time. | | | ExcellentGood AveragePoor Promptness of service Quality of service Transportation to NRC2 Garden Resort Cleanliness of the place Condition of rooms Housekeeping services Facilities of the resort Accessibility of the resort Chapter II Review of the Related Literature â€Å"Website marketing can help level the playing field between chain resorts and independent resorts, according to â€Å"Internet Marketing and Distribution for Resorts. Websites can include professional photography, virtual tours, online videos, booking information and online forms for making reservations. They may also provide invaluable feedback forms so resorts can identify strengths and targeted areas of improvement. Strategic online partnerships with complementary industries, such as airlines, car rentals, or fa re-finding websites, can result in mutual referrals. † â€Å"Resort Internet Marketing is an essential factor in attracting customers to exotic resort locations. Since 2009, online marketing spending has climbed almost 15 percent each year.On the other hand, traditional marketing and print media expenses have been steadily declining at the same time. † â€Å"Television is a great way to promote your resort with many opportunities to gain exposure. Of course there is television advertising, but there is also having your resort as a featured location for a television show or feature film. A resort is also a great place to host an event such as a beauty pageant or televised poker tournament. These methods of exposure highlight a variety of resort amenities. † â€Å"Create value-driven packages for both group and transient market segments.The customers surveyed said that price, not rate, drove their decision. Many people (including myself) enjoy traveling in the off -season precisely because of the value. Keeping this in mind, let’s look at examples:  Ã‚  Unique group packages. This strategy actually works year-round but it is especially important in the off-season. Meeting planners work with a budget and an all-inclusive package means no surprises to spoil a successful event when they are handed the final bill. â€Å"Focus on your website and social media channels. Your website and Facebook business page are a gold mine for communicating with both past and potential guests.Ensure that they reflect your hotel’s personality. Wall postings and customized tabs can be used to post reasons to visit during the off-season and use lots of pictures. Encourage guests who have stayed outside of peak season to post their experiences and get a dialogue started. Offer last-minute specials that are really special and limit the availability. Base it on something amusing and unexpected, for example the rate equals the temperature of the day for the first 10 people who book with a special code or who call a special number.Consider using a customized tab to communicate special offers to groups as well. † â€Å"In a competitive industry, every Hotel and Resort needs an effective online marketing strategy to promote their property, drive traffic to their website and generate guest bookings. We believe that a professional, easy to use and attractive website should be the centerpiece of every Hotel and Resort's distribution strategy. With the arrival of internet Search, traditional marketing outlets such as TV advertising, Radio and Newspapers have become ess and less effective. You just need to look at the print industry in the US, every week there are reports of another traditional media company laying off staff, closing their doors. In a tech-savvy time in which most people expect to find the information they need within just a few clicks of their mouse, a strong internet presence for your property isn't just a necess ity, it's crucial for survival. † â€Å"The resort business is competitive, and most resorts must rely on a strong marketing program to attract customers.As you determine how to bring in new and returning customers, consider how you can find travelers who will be interested in the facilities and types of services you offer. â€Å" â€Å"When marketing your resort, create a brand that helps your customers know who you are and why you are different from other resorts in the area. A brand should communicate the style of the resort, the atmosphere travelers can expect to find and give them clues about how to dress and behave. Your brand should feel like your resort through the use of colors, fonts and image styles. It should communicate the essence of your resort without describing it. †

Good Versus Evil Essay

Good versus Evil At first, it appears that the definitions of good and evil are straightforward. According to the New Oxford American Dictionary, good is defined as â€Å"that which is morally right; righteousness†; evil is defined as â€Å"profoundly immoral and malevolent. † For centuries there has been an argument among many philosophers on the belief of â€Å"good versus evil† and whether it really exists. Some argue that human beings are the perpetrators of evil. Others argue that the world is not a bad place and that evil and suffering is, in fact, necessary. Throughout the novel, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, there is a clear struggle involving good and evil. The reader is introduced to the protagonist and narrator, Victor Frankenstein, at the beginning of the novel. Victor, a family oriented man, becomes very interested in the modern science world and later on believes that he has discovered the â€Å"secret of life. † With this discovery he goes on to create a monster, who remains without a name throughout the whole novel. At first glance it appears that the monster did everything in his power to prevent Victor from having the happy life that he longed for. Mary Shelley purposely chose Victor Frankenstein to be the narrator of this story. Readers only get the story from his point of view. Frankenstein plays on the emotions of the readers, therefore anything he is feeling, readers feel the same way. He is seen as this helpless man who has been through so much in such a short life, and all because he was being terrorized by this heinous creature. â€Å"I entered the room where the corpse lay, and was led up to the coffin†¦ The trial, the presence of the magistrate and witnesses, passed like a dream from my memory, when I saw the lifeless form of Henry Clerval stretched before me. I gasped for breath; and, throwing myself on the body I exclaimed, ‘Have my murderous machinations deprived you also, my dearest Henry, of life? Two I have already destroyed; other victims await their destiny: but you, Clerval, my friend, my benefactor’† (122). However, readers do get a glimpse in to how the monster feels and the struggles that he comes across. â€Å"†¦ She continued her course along the precipitous sides of the river, when suddenly her foot slipped; and she fell into the rapid stream. I rushed from my hiding place, and, with extreme labour from the force of the current, saved her, and dragged her to shore†¦ I was suddenly interrupted by the approach of a rustic†¦ On seeing me, he darted towards me, and, tearing the girl from my arms, hastened towards the deeper parts of the wood†¦ he aimed a gun, which he carried, at my body, and fired. I sunk to the ground, and my injurer, with increased swiftness, escaped into the wood† (95). Mary Shelley’s anecdote of a struggle between good versus evil makes the reader constantly redefine who is truly the good one, and who is evil. At the end of the novel, the reader discovers that it is really Victor Frankenstein that is the evil one. He manipulated the readers thoughts and feelings by leading them to believe that he was the good one, that he was being tormented by this evil beast. In reality, this is how the story really goes: Frankenstein was the creator of this â€Å"beast. † Frankenstein abandoned the beast and treated it as if it were too wretched to be loved. Frankenstein, knowing how the beast felt and what he was capable of, continued to ignore the monster’s requests for a companion. Frankenstein knew that the beast would take away all of his loved ones until he got what he wanted. Victor manipulated this monster in to doing his dirty work for him. Mary Shelley displays this battle between good and evil very well. Candide, written by Voltaire, is a satire which pokes fun at a number of Enlightenment philosophies. The protagonist, Candide, is a good-hearted but naive young man. His mentor, Pangloss, is described as a teacher of â€Å"metaphysico-theologo-cosmolonigology† who believes that this is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † This belief, which is argued by Leibniz, is the main reason why Voltaire is satirizing his play. Pangloss is an optimist, and believes that no matter what happens, this is the greatest life anyone can live because the good will always be the case. Voltaire mocks the idea that good prevails over evil because he believes that human beings perpetrate evil. He believes that evil does, in fact, exist and ignoring that existence is wrong and dangerous. Other philosophers such as Leibniz believe that the existence of any evil in the world would have to mean that God is either not good or not omnipotent, and that idea could not possibly be true. With this reasoning, philosophers such as Leibniz believe that since God is indeed perfect, then the world that he has created can be viewed as no less than perfect as well. All the â€Å"evil† or â€Å"bad† that people claim exists in the world is only because they do not understand what God’s ultimate plan is. Voltaire strongly disagrees with this idea, as it is evident in his novel. He does not accept the idea that a perfect God exists, maybe a God does not even exist. To prove his point, Voltaire uses a great deal of exaggeration; the biggest optimists in the world, Candide and Pangloss, go through a series of hardships and horrors. These woes do not serve any apparent purpose but to attack this belief that this is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † A perfect example is when Pangloss tells Candide that he is dying because of syphilis. In chapter four, Candide cries, â€Å"O sage Pangloss what a strange genealogy is this! Is not the devil the root of it? † Pangloss simply replies, â€Å"Not at all, it was a thing unavoidable, a necessary ingredient in the best of worlds; for if Columbus had not caught in an island in America this disease, which contaminates the source of generation, and frequently impedes propagation itself, and is evidently opposed to the great end of nature, we should have neither chocolate nor cochineal. † This part of the novel makes the reader laugh because chocolate is not the result of syphilis; they are in, no way, related. Voltaire then adds more intelligent and rational characters into the story, such as the old woman, who have more pessimistic views about how the world works. By the end of the novel, Pangloss finally admits that maybe this is not â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † Shelley, Voltaire, and Leibniz all touched on the subject of good versus evil. Voltaire and Leibniz had opposing views on how the world really works. Maybe there is a bigger plan, but evil does exist and evil is created by all of us. Shelley definitely showed how humans can truly be evil. No matter what, there will always be a battle between good versus evil.

4p’s of Euro Disneyland

1. What factors contributed to EuroDisney’s poor performance during its first year of operations? Even though Disney has a theme song that says â€Å"It’s a small world after all†, the world remains quite diverse. The biggest factors that contributed to the poor performance during the first year of EuroDisney’s operations were: a poor understanding of the marketplace, the issues and the cultural differences between two nations and two differing approaches to business and life. The major factor was ethnocentrism of the American leaders counterbalanced by French national insecurities.I have to suggest that the powerful and perhaps arrogant leadership style of Michael Eisner contributed to the problems. Even so, the problems were wider than that. Assuming that people would come from all over Europe as part of the business plan but failing to comprehend how diverse those consumers would be was another major part of the problem. Even though Europe has recently united as the European Union, they have been strongly distinct and independent cultures for centuries.Disney failed to understand the French national character, their insecurities over cultural invasion after having been an occupied nation twice in the last century and their deep commitment to maintaining their identity and liberty. The arrogance of the French is based on insecurity as a global minority and the arrogance of the Americans was based on a wide open optimism and global success. The collision of the two ‘arrogancies’ was â€Å"formidable† as the French say. 2. To what degree do you consider that these factors were a) foreseeable, b) controllable by either EuroDisney or the parent company Disney?A study in history and an understanding of the characters of Europe and the European market place would have enabled the Disney executives to anticipate many of the problems. Some problems were controllable and others were inevitable. Those that were inevitable , however, needed an approach that would soften the reaction rather than exacerbate it. It was inevitable that the choice of France as the location would ruffle French feathers. Their history of occupation shaped their reaction. Their coolness to all things anglophile is legendary.If we simply consider an individual personality, it would be easily understandable that a proud woman who had been enslaved and brutalized might have some lingering issues with dominant behaviour and may especially have trouble looking into the eyes of her rescuers who had seen her at her worst. Even so, they chose France perhaps for its cache in the American psyche (more ethnocentricity). The dominance of the American executive insisting on only English being spoken was like pouring gas on the situation in a culture that monitors words which are absorbed from other languages by an official government body.The idea of pushing business according to an American ethos was an affront to the French who take the ir liberty and unionization very seriously. Coming from the union free Southern United States, the clash was profound. These were all quite predicable for anyone who cared to see beyond their own ways. 3. What role does ethnocentrism play in the story of EuroDisney’s launch? The truth is embodied in this seemingly ambiguous statement â€Å"you don’t know what you do not know†. The trap is that when you do not understand or know something there is no little red light that says â€Å"you don’t get it†.In fact, there is no perception at all that there is something missing. Ethnocentricity carries us deeply into this trap and Disney fell head long into it. They certainly had the resources to get marketing opinion from European sources that would have saved them millions in mistakes. I think though, that the powerful personality of Eisner, coming off of several victories where he forced his vision through the objections of the American business communit y to win big and be therefore validated set the entire EuroDisney enterprise up for failure.Eisner and his trusted team believed that any opposition or obstacle had to be overcome with strength of will and vision and that collaboration would not serve the vision well. Add to this the spectacular success of Disney in Tokyo and all of his personal input verified his approach. Unfortunately, it takes three points to make a pattern and he had only 2. Consultation was the only way to avoid the nightmares encountered in France. The culture was so different from America or Japan that there was little frame of reference in common.Believing all Europeans enjoyed the same sausage or Europeans vacationed in the same way that Americans did was easily corrected by cultural awareness that would not have cost much but they were too ethnocentric to even know the questions to ask. I imagine they had no ears for those who tried to tell them. Sausage might just be sausage to Eisner who probably did no t eat it but to Europeans, it is as distinct as different wines. Attempting to impose American values, such as nondrinking on the French or appearance rules would have been easily understood as a mistake if they had even asked.I also know from a course in Children’s literature that the Disney version of fairytales like Cinderella were almost unrecognizable to those who had grown up on the European (original) versions of the stories. Thus, Disney did not even have the transfer of cultural understanding in the tales that they assumed that they had. 4. How do you assess the cross-cultural marketing skills of Disney? I imagine that they are significantly better now but they were dismally unequal to the task at the time. They simply did not do their homework.In a nation of couturier fashion and elegance, to emphasize size and glamour was ‘tres gauche†. Bigger and better is a selling feature of the American psyche not of the French. They eat one croissant not a dozen do nuts. They buy one designer handbag rather than 6 knock offs. The assumption of a common bond over fairytales was erroneous. The belief that the society functioned like the American society was just wrong because the French are highly unionized, and quite highly socialized in a political sense. Liberty and independence are even more ingrained among the French than the Americans.They believe they invented the concepts and the Americans high jacked them for their constitution. 5. Why did success in Tokyo predispose Disney management to be too optimistic in their expectations of success in France? Discuss In Japan Disney found an insatiable curiosity about American ways and American forms of play because of the rebuilding of Japan by the Americans who dropped the bombs on Hiroshima- their conquerors. Japan had been broken by and then rebuilt upon an American capitalistic model. (Please do not read criticism into this.I am not sure Truman had any choice given the personality and militar y spirit of Japan). The Japanese had been inundated with American cultural icons since world war two and Disney cartoons were a staple in Japanese experience. The success of Disney was more the success of the Japanese people at adapting to a new world after defeat than a triumph of marketing and cultural understanding. Unfortunately, the success without much cooperation, deeper understanding or adaptation led to the false belief in the Disney magic touch world wide.

Feasibility Study Essay

This Feasibility Study was made possible by the guidance, supervision, cooperation and participation of the following: To the Almighty God who always looks up and secures the safety of the preparers in doing this project. To our parents who always guide and give words of wisdom to inspire us in doing our best in preparing the Feasibility Study as well as giving their both financial and emotional support. To our beloved intelligent Adviser and Business Plan Professor, Ma’am Ma. Rona D. Sahagun, who has greatly shared her knowledge to us with patience and diligence in helping us meet the necessary works for the completion of our Feasibility Study. To the Preparers, themselves who have given lot of efforts and consumed so much time to make the completion of the feasibility study be possible and successful within the given time. Together, we sincerely acknowledge and give thanks the person/s mentioned above who have brought the success of doing this Feasibility Study. We are very grateful for this wonderful accomplishment. Introduction We are in the business of building and strengthening relationships through the art of transforming stuff’s. A specialty store that primarily provides personalizes materials and services. We choose this kind of business primarily because we want to express our ideas through craft of making customized things. We help our clients to make they wants be possible as it is. We named this business â€Å"CLASSY GALORE†. CLASSY GALORE is a possessing elegance, the attribute of being tastefully designed, decorated and maintaining refined grace and dignified propriety. A deeper, more meaningful word for ‘cool’, because it is the result of your creative concept which is different from others. The uniqueness of â€Å"Classy Galore stuff† comes from our own composition and the suggestion coming from our beloved target markets. We are accepting opinions, adding details on stuff’s for a better outcome for its aesthetics. The colorful atmospherics and collatera ls of â€Å"CLASSY GALORE†, its innovative, fashion-forward and fun, and the excellent and personalized service of its staff captured the hearts and purses of the market. Mission The CLASSY GALORE mission is to execute our customers design and ideas in order to make it possible. We are also committed to provide customers with wide range of high quality product. It will give friendly prices, hassle free and fast transaction. Moreover, it also guarantees that our entire client will be given outmost respect, love, attention and service. Vision CLASSY GALORE will be one of the most visited shop in our country and in the succeeding year it will expand and be known to other places. Furthermore, it continuously values convenience and long-term relationship with its customers. Objectives 1).To receives a 50% profit margin within the first year. 2).To provides total quality of a customer’s desire. 3).To expands our business in three (3) years. 4).To patronize by people particularly in San Pablo City Laguna. Strategies 1).Our clients are free to suggest their ideas or details on the stuff that they want to personalized. 2). More revenue with lower cost (purchased more to earn discount) 3). Offering membership, SUKI stamp (redeemable for a period of time) Product/Service Description * Our compositions are made from the raw materials that already exist and are possible to enhance. Example: t-shirt (plain) Output: we put prints, sequence, patches etc. ( for adding those materials it end up to a vibrant one) * Items are sold through directly visiting our shop. * They purchased those products in our store because we offer affordable prices that have the assurance of a good quality. * Our pricing method is based on the materials used. * By our friendly interactions with the buyer will make them satisfied. Marketing Strategy Our marketing strategy will not exceed 5% of our annual gross sales. Marketing will be via: * Direct visiting and phone calls – free shipping if ordered by 2pm central. * Advertisement postcards, pliers * Business Cards * Word of mouth Sales Strategy Our key to sales strategy at â€Å"CLASSY GALORE†, will be a great buying experience, every time. Once a customer comes in the door, they will be greeted and assisted as much or as little as they wish. Some customers are uncomfortable with lots of personal attention; others expect it. Em’s experience as a student has taught her how to read the subtle signs that tell her what a customer is seeking when they enter. All customers will be offered reading materials while they shop, and we will have comfortable chairs for friends to sit in while waiting. Our sales goal is to generate repeat business and strong word-of-mouth advertising based on this great buying experience. Word of mouth in new apparel stores tends to spread to family, friends, co-workers. Target Market and Customer Characteristics â€Å"CLASSY GALORE† is a customer purchases are occasion-driven and include birthdays, anniversaries, thank-you’s, get well wishes, congratulations, and employee recognition. Customers tend to be those without the time or desire to assemble their own customized gifts. Part of the purchase process is therefore a need for convenience and for imaginative contents that make people say, â€Å"I wouldn’t have thought of that.† Customers can be found across San Pablo City, but individual repeat clients tend to be men and women, indicating that they have busy lives and need gift solutions that are meaningful and yet convenient to purchase. Repeat business clients are often in service businesses, such as students, employee or just an ordinary people. Late November through December is expected to be one of the busiest times of the year for â€Å"CLASSY GALORE†, because businesses purchase holiday gifts at that time.† CLASSY GALORE†, location near downtown, where many business offices are located, makes quick deliveries possible. CLASSY GALORE’s, greatest potential for increasing its client base is the business sector, where it can be promoted as a convenient, personal (yet appropriate), and high-quality tool for customer care, and employee recognition. CLASSY GALORE will not overlook the potential of its individual clients, however, promoting itself as a solution for those gift-giving times that require a personal touch.

Criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Criminal law - Essay Example Most of the campaigners for euthanasia are those directly affected by this, in that, they are themselves suffering from a terminal illness, or have a loved one that has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. The impetus behind the legalisation stems from the desire to end the suffering of the loved one or their own suffering if they are the one diagnosed with the terminal illness. This paper aims to discuss how the courts should deal with the issue of euthanasia and whether it is time for a change in legislation so that those assisting a loved one to die would not have to fear the possibility of criminal charges for their actions. It is important to make the distinction between active and passive euthanasia in order to assess the way in which the criminal and civil courts have determined the legality of the treatment. With active euthanasia the person’s death is brought about by the deliberate administration of medication to terminate the life of that person. Conversely, passive euthanasia occurs where treatment of the patient is refused or terminated, culminating in the death of the patient. A common use of this form of euthanasia would involve the removal of ventilation equipment to assist the breathing of the patient, or the removal of a feeding tube. In some cases, where a patient is critically ill, the relatives of the patient might instruct the doctors not to administer treatment if the patient goes into cardiac arrest. Although active and passive euthanasia will have the effect of terminating the life of the patient, the courts seem to be more readily able to accept passive euthanasia over activ e euthanasia. Part of the reasoning behind this stems from the notion that a patient is entitled to refuse to undergo treatment that will prolong their life, but they are not allowed to insist on any treatment that will hasten their

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies Essay

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is a common factor that every company faces at every level of operation. In order to strengthen competitive power, motor companies and auto-related products tend to employ unique technologies that can enable them to survive in the market. Some have also relied upon their specific governments to protect them from competition caused by new entrants. The Hyundai motor company is one of the companies that face competition from other auto manufacturers. Hankook is also an example of a universally known company dealing with auto-related products like tires and spare parts. Hyundai Motor Company came into existence in 1968. Upon its establishment, the company merged with Ford Motor Company with the aim of filtering technology for building ships. Upon parting ways with Ford motor company, Hyundai Motors collaborated with the Mitsubishi motor company of Japan that helped in the manufacture of Pony, the first small passenger car with an engine power of 1500cc. In the reports of Lansbury, the success of the Pony model in the markets of Korea lifted the position of Hyundai Motor Company to the best position among other motor manufacturers in Korea. The impressive performance of Pony in the market motivated further innovation that led to the manufacture of Pony II version in 1973. Good features associated with the Pony model enabled Hyundai to penetrate the Canadian market, where it made high sales. With the continued partnership of Mitsubishi and Hyundai, Hyundai produced other stellar, a new model with the brand name of engine power 1597cc in 1982. In 1985, Hyundai Motors released the Sonata model with an engine power of 2000cc and later in 1990 the company produced Elantra model that had an engine power of 1800cc. According to Lansbury, the impressive features of the excel model enabled Hyundai motors to penetrate and market its cars in America by 1986. The performance of Excel in the America n market made Hyundai Motors to clinch position three among the best performing foreign companies in America. The partnership between Hyundai motors and Mitsubishi Motors provided Hyundai with the more technological know-how that assisted Hyundai to increase the rate and volume of production thus keeping the company top of other car manufacturers in Korea. In the view of Lansbury, the association with Mitsubishi enabled Hyundai motors to gather managerial skills that helped in boosting production volumes.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW - Essay Example In order to give Dicky proper legal advice, it would be in order to understand the exact terms and conditions that his employment or engagement with Smythe and Dickinson stated. The importance of this contractual agreement would be to know if Dicky’s terms of employment terms provision spelled out agreements on whether the company was either the sole owner or joint owner of any work produced in course of employment (Sumpter 2006, p.77).. This is because section 11 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act states the criteria for ascertaining the ownership of any copyright material and provides that any work produced in the course of employment belong to the employer who is deemed as the first owner. In the event that there are no such terms or regulations, Dicky will be perfectly be in a right position to fully own the work. Under the copyright laws in England, there are certain qualifications that one has to fulfil before they are fully covered or protected by the law on copy right. First, a person must be a citizen of Britain based on the qualifications that are set by the British Nationality Act 1981 (Ross 2008, p.46). The other requirement is originality, it has to be ascertained that without doubt the work (Valuation Guidelnes) was his (Dicky’s) own expression of ideas and invention to be the first owner under Copyright, Designs and Patents Act S.11(1). This is of interest, as it will help in understanding the actual position of the nature of the legal position from which the company is claiming rights. Dicky can argue that the company has no copyrights over any of his productions when he undertakes it independently even if employed by Smythe and Dickinson. The other requirement to gain copyright is fixation, as was held in the Merchandising Corp v Harpbond (1983), for instance the work has to be in a material form of which the valuation guidelines are in print and Dicky’s Antiques is in a DVD. Having ascertained Dickys terms of employm ent, citizenship, fixation and originality such that the Valuation Guidelines were his creative creation work; Dicky should understand the rights that a copyright holder have in relation to that particular original idea, which is automatic in UK upon meeting copyright requirements. Section 16 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act gives the copyright holder the right to copy the work and issue it to the public as well as broadcasting the work in a cable service program (McCombs 2011, p.21). All copyrighted material must possess originality as proposed in the case of University of London Press v University Tutorial Press (1916) 2 CH 601. This case discussed the doctrine known as sweat of the brow doctrine and if the word â€Å"original† is taken to refer to the originality of an expression for a certain piece of work to gain copyright protection (Harms 2008, p.133). The concept of originality tries to evaluate the relationship between the author of a particular piece of wor k and his work and is essential for a piece of work to gain copyright protection in England. This is expressly provided for under Section 1(1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, s.1(1) and involves judicial reasoning and logic in the solution of cases. In order for Dicky to succeed in his defence, he must

Impearialism, colonialism. and globalization on how they affect the Essay

Impearialism, colonialism. and globalization on how they affect the middle east - Essay Example On the other hand, the democratization system has become a problem due to the influence of globalization. This is due to the clash of interest between the western industrialized nations and the state aboriginal affair (Alkadry 739). In the recent occurrences, most of the developed and decolonized have been caught up in the matrix of struggle for liberation and self-determination. Likewise, the countries of Middle East are furthering democracy and at the same time struggling to get self-determination in a postcolonial globalization context (Alkadry 739). Most of the countries in Middle East achieved their independence half a century ago. However, no single country in the region has a full-fledged democratic government. This is also evident in the wave of revolutions currently taking place in the region. Only few countries in the region that have made stride towards installing democratic institutions. These countries include Lebanon, Turkey, and Kuwait (Alkadry 740). The issue of self- determination is guided by two principles. They include national independence and freedom. In the Middle East, this has not been possible due to the threat of imperialism. This makes it difficult for the nations to move from a moment of national sovereignty and anti-social resistance to a moment of freedom and democratic governance (Alkadry 740). ... Algeria is one of the countries where imperialism was evident during the colonial period. It congest began in 1830. This occurred after French deployed powerful army in the region. The heavy military presence led to death of many Algerians. This helped France to acquire land in Algeria. This was followed by massive migration on settlers into Algeria to farm in the Algeria coastal plains (Women in World History 1). Most of the Algerians were employed in these farms as laborers. Moreover, France exercised control of public finances such as public works, education, and armed forces and security (Women in World History 1). However, there was armed resistance to the French rule based on tribes. The French armies in harsh means effectively subdued the rebellion. On the other hand, the colonial power was given voting power to elect representatives to the French legislature. Consequently, the colonial power possessed immense power and this helped in gaining enormous wealth. Additionally, mos t of the properties owned by the locals were confiscated both communal and private. In the year that followed, France exercised political, economic, and social dominance over Algeria and its inhabitants (Women in World History 1). This shows that imperialism helped France to develop their own ambitions and influenced wider developments. Imperialism affected countries in different ways. Imperialism helped in reviving the transport sector. This occurred as the colonizing country built roads and railways. This was meant to enhance easy movement for acquisition of raw materials. Moreover, there is an introduction of new technology, education, and improved health care (Hodgepodge 1). On the other hand, imperialism leads to negative effects. First, there was a lack of