The Pearl Essay Example for Free

The Pearl Essay The book †The Pearl, paints various exercises to a few controls, however more in business in light of the fact that the entire story spins the selling of the pearl and the manner in which the various partners acted through. Kino the principle character, along with his better half embarks to discover a pearl to get cash to treat their child Coyotito who has been nibbled by a scorpion. They locate a major valuable pearl that changes the entire objective, from getting the kid instructing him, purchasing a rifle, and improved life guidelines. This was excessively eager thus it was hard to arrive at it. The pearl gives us the two viewpoints about the idea of people. The highminded kind of individuals who have love and concern, particularly for their nuclear family and their neighborhood and those sorts of individuals who just spotlight on getting more extravagant regardless of the methods they use to store up property. Toward the start of the story, Kino is a guiltless placated father who thinks about his family in the most ideal manner conceivable (Steinbeck, Wagner-Martin, and Orozco, 1994). One point that shows this is when Kino shut his eyes to tune in to the melody of the family tune that was playing in his psyche Steinbeck, Wagner-Martin, and Orozco, 1994). At the time his kid is stung by a scorpion the neighbors demonstrated concern. Then again, human instinct likewise has a shortcoming, of concentrating on picking up riches and not connection. The absolute first picture is the one depicted by the specialist who never visited them however focused on the rich families as it were. As the story advances we see the weakness that exists in all individuals, as Kino changes from a blameless cherishing spouse to a criminal due to needing to be rich. Here the specialist also shows the egotism of individuals failing to mind, regardless of whether the lives of others are in harm's way. Coyotito could kick the bucket yet the specialist clench hand needed cash before rewarding him. These are the two significant features of human life. This book is likewise significant for all business people and set up businessmen. All undertakings are planned for getting riches yet business morals requires a harmony between relating with individuals well and getting cash from great and authentic business bargains. The book focuses on the voracity among specialists, which will make them, utilize corrupt methods of getting well off, a training that is especially against business morals. Among these are center men who get rich from exchanging with destitute individuals, giving them so little as their profits for the difficult work they have done. Kino speaks to the poor who work needed to see their fantasies, for example, solid and conventional lives for their families, and instruction for their kids (Steinbeck, Wagner-Martin, and Orozco, 1994). The center men are the dealers who had connects abroad, who needed to purchase the pearl at a value that isn't worth speak to these covetous severe go betweens. It is likewise against business morals that individuals ought to overlook the corporate social duty and get detained on the dehumanizing impacts of picking up riches. Kino got some distance from his neighbors, and he excessively centered around giving really to his child instead of keeping center around enthusiastic needs as material needs follow suite. Contemplating corporate social duty, this story clearly paints the presence of representatives and associations, which won't see the general public, which is their objective market as significant partners that need regard, yet venturing stones to get more extravagant. The pearl fortune that came Kino’s way didn't increase the value of his locale, however made him very nearly a pariah of a similar network. Any undertaking must have the attributes of dependability. In this, specialists must be straightforward and maintain trustworthiness or have loyalty no matter what. The pearl purchasers added to the disintegrating of Kino’s dreams by not offering to purchase the pearl at great cost. In business as well, individuals ought to consistently be dependable; in quest for greatness they ought not be excessively eager and covetous. Kino’s was over aspiring in the midst of an abusive society that would not permit him get the much he needed from the pearl. Development is consistently in little advances and Kino would have acknowledged to develop in astuteness from the little that he was advertised. Business additionally muss bear the best feeling of equity and decency. This is to state that each strategy ought to be reasonable, have value in all cases and unprejudiced nature in managing individuals all things considered. Consistency and correspondence portrays this point. The specialist disregarded the needy individuals and wouldn’t do his business with them. This is clear since he just stayed with Kino to treat Coyotito in light of the fact that he realized the pearl would pay him. Each undertaking must likewise show the mindful demeanor towards the individuals. In this story we see Kino gradually putting his entire self and might to the pearl overlooking that he should think about the family. Business and associations ought to likewise esteem urban prudence and citizenship, which is planned for taking a gander at how the nation all in all will profit by the organization or the organization’s adventure. They ought to thusly submit to the law, offer administrations to the network administrations, and to try in securing nature. In the Pearl’s case, each one peered toward the pearl for their own motivations. Kino’s aggressors needed to get the pearl from him in unlawful methods; Kino exclusively needed the ring to profit his family and had no designs to profit the whole network, to level best of his capacity (Steinbeck, Wagner-Martin, and Orozco, 1994). The story likewise shows that that those individuals awaiting for the pearl had no regard, a basic thing business or corporate world. In section four, when Kino was selling the pearl, some took a gander at it and dismissed it as a negligible peculiarity. The book, upon cautious reflections gives us the thought regarding the upright, and the un-ethical human instinct. It likewise gives us explicit qualities, for example, respectability, regard, satisfaction, network equity and fair-mindedness, and great citizenship. By utilizing the style of depicting a people who don't esteem business morals, the book implements in its perusers a solid feeling of corporate social obligation.

Disaster Management Essay

There four periods of development arranging including alleviation, readiness, reaction and recreation. Alleviation stage includes endeavors made by the charged administration and the network all in all to keep any known and predictable peril from forming into a ruinous catastrophe. It additionally includes lessening the impacts related with the event of a debacle. Accordingly, this stage is not the same as all others as it includes advancement of long haul measures and techniques helpful for maintaining a strategic distance from and decreasing dangers in a general public. At the point when alleviation measures are applied after a catastrophe has happened, they can be considered as a piece of the recuperation procedure. Relief techniques can be auxiliary as in they utilize the current innovation or they can be non-basic, for example, enactment, protection or land use arranging. It is this stage the greater part of the endeavors of rise supervisors ought to be focused as this can help in staying away from most kinds of calamities. Another significant period of rise arranging is the readiness stage in which crisis administrators endeavor to create activity intends to counter the event of a calamity. The greater part of the rise organizers invest a lot of energy and assets in this phase with an end goal to get ready themselves and arrange assets required. The normal measures attempted in this stage incorporate viable correspondence plans, preparing and support of development administrations comprehensive of enough HR to manage any fiasco that may happen (Krischenbaum, 2004, p. 21). Different measures incorporate the activity and improvement of viable strategies for notice the populace about the event of a crisis combined with departure plans and rise covers, support of enough calamity types of gear and flexibly other than the fundamental stock lastly, the advancement of development associations of appropriately prepared volunteers among the populace in a territory. Another significant part of this stage is the expectation of the losses that can be normal from a given fiasco which causes the organizers to appraise the sum and kind of assets expected to react to a rise. In the reaction stage, development chiefs are accused of the job of assembling all the necessary assets to manage a calamity. Assets, for example, firemen, police and rescue vehicle among others frames the main influx of responders to a calamity to help spare and put to a protected spot those hit by the catastrophe. The organizers assemble all the assets comprehensive of HR and other sort of assets, for example, clearing vehicles and stepping stools, clinical supplies among others. The viability of this stage depends on how well the organizers had composed and practiced the readiness stage (Krischenbaum, 2004, p. 43). The last stage is that of recuperation or remaking of the influenced territory with an end goal to reestablish it to its past status. Here, organizers would compose the reproduction of framework, and offering help to the influenced people to help recuperate and recreate their lives. 2. The procedure of hazard examination A hazard can be characterized as a quantifiable likelihood of explicit consequences. As to debacles, a hazard can be viewed as the likelihood of negative results of a calamity. Hazard investigation includes the use of different systems and strategies in evaluating the conceivable effect of a debacle event in a general public. It includes the utilization of different devices, for example, money saving advantage examination with an end goal to have a thought in regards to the potential effect of a fiasco. All things considered, hazard investigation is a significant advance in development the executives as it encourages rise directors to all the more likely sort out assets for compelling alleviation and reaction to a calamity. Hazard examination help in deciding the circumstances liable to happen and which needs the majority of the consideration in arranging process. It includes the distinguishing proof of dangers presented by a fiasco comprehensive of the financial and social dangers. In that capacity, calamity administrators ought to evaluate the dangers as far as loss of lives, property among different assets in the general public. After such ID, the administrators should attempt to evaluate the hazard through the utilization of different devices, for example, financial money saving advantage investigation. Regardless of whether confronted with a deficiency of assets or not, directors ought to embrace chance examination as this will assist them with having an away from of what they would expect if a given fiasco happens. They will have the option to successfully allot assets during the arranging time frame and adequately react to a given catastrophe with the necessary speed, assets and accuracy (Sundra, 1995, p. 98). A real evaluation of potential dangers through the accessible instruments of examination is subsequently significant if rise arranging process is to be viable all in all. Directors ought to in this manner lead chance examination for better designation of assets other than better arranging. 3. The significance of rise plan to a network or criticalness? There are different kinds of fiascos that can confront any given network. A few calamities are anything but difficult to moderate while others can't be relieved nor would they be able to be kept from happening. For instance, while it is conceivable to alleviate the outcomes of flooding, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to prevent the downpour from falling. In any case, measures can be set up to maintain a strategic distance from specific outcomes related with tropical storms by it is for all intents and purposes difficult to keep a typhoon from happening. A crisis plan is significant while managing debacles as it empowers a network or an office accused of the job of overseeing crises to more readily react to any event of such a catastrophe. For one, a rise plan helps in alleviating the event of debacles and the dangers related. Measures, for example, guaranteeing all the structures conform to compositional standards and guidelines helps in decreasing the danger of such structures falling if there should be an occurrence of a seismic tremor. Further, a crisis plan encourages the network to be totally arranged as far as types and the measure of assets that would be required if a debacle happens (Alexander, 2007, p. 47). Here, the network or the organization will have the assets prepared and this will enable the rise to group to react quick and viably. It will help in guaranteeing that all the necessary assets are accessible and successfully distributed when reacting to a debacle. Such an arrangement ought to along these lines incorporate all the assets required other than delineating the different strides to be followed while managing a fiasco. It ought to incorporate a cost examination or a spending covering all the assets required. In any case, all entertainers ought to be very much educated regarding the arrangement to guarantee a smooth progression of the considerable number of stages and steps required to manage a catastrophe. 4. Jobs played by development supervisors in arranging clinical rise for mass-setback episode Disasters which brings about mass losses request a great deal of asset designation and endeavors in favor of debacle administrators. When there are mass losses, clinical consideration can represent a major issue and consequently chiefs should be very much educated and proficient of the means that should be taken if such a circumstance happens. In that capacity, chiefs ought to have the option to arrange all the assets comprehensive of clinical group and clinical providers at any rate to manage the minor rate of wounds. Further, catastrophe supervisors ought to have the option to speak with the current medical clinic administrations about the losses and sort out with such emergency clinics to offer space to the setbacks. Then again, to encourage clinical consideration to mass setbacks, debacle supervisors can demand clinical staff from accessible emergency clinics other than arranging for transportation techniques, for example, helicopters to airdrop those influenced and ambulances to take the harmed to the medical clinics. The chiefs ought to completely help out different on-screen characters to guarantee that the causalities are dealt with. Departure and salvage groups ought to be prepared to un-trap the individuals who might be caught in different spots and to bring these individuals into wellbeing (Terry, 2003, p. 56). Additionally, a catastrophe supervisor can help out the network for a campground where portable clinics can be raised to help spare the circumstance. Clinical assistance ought to be looked for from different headings including associations, for example, the Red Cross among others. A total and consistent flexibly of clinical assets ought to be kept up to guarantee that all the clinical staff are completely provided and outfitted with the fundamental supplies. Each exertion and measures ought to be taken to guarantee that all the applicable on-screen characters are included and all the setbacks took care of. 5. What makes for a decent crisis director or calamity administrator? For one to be a decent catastrophe or crisis chief, there are a great deal of contemplations that should be placed into thought. Other that the expert capabilities required of such a director, other conduct and character characteristics are expected to guarantee the adequacy of the supervisor. A director can be completely instructed about available resources of managing a debacle or a crisis other than all the procedures required in such a circumstance yet may in any case be ineffectual in their administration. To begin with, a director should be a self pushing individual. At the point when confronted with a crisis, numerous choices should be made and quick. The supervisor ought to have the option to settle on snappy and viable choices with negligible dependence on others if the different advances included are to be effective. In any case, the chief ought to have the option to work under brutal conditions as is run of the mill with a large portion of the catastrophes. The person ought to have the option to adaptable to work at odd hours and be set up to take the necessary steps to spare the circumstance. When all is said in done, the chief ought to be a group head, self moving, adaptable as far as reality and furthermore be creative (Cahill, 2003, p. 103). Regardless of the presence of crisis offices and associations, there is lack of assets to a significant number of these offices. Assets, for example, ambula

Book Riots Deals of the Day for November 25th, 2019

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Norway, Cuba, And Jamaica - 1319 Words

My country’s populations that I will inform about are Norway, Cuba, and Jamaica. Norway is in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Cuba is a part of the Caribbean Sea, west of Haiti across the Windward Passage on and south of the Bahamas. Jamaica is island in the Caribbean Sea, which is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. These countries have very diverse cultures and populations due to many factors in each country. Norway has a population rate is about 1.3%, which means there is growth also known as surplus. The northern parts of the country are home to two main groups of the population of Sami with a different language and cultural traditions. The Gypsy population also is a part of the homogeneous population, which are both smaller populations. In the late twentieth century, the country let immigrants come in from other countries. The Norwegian people have a population of four million and they also promote cultural sharing. About 90 percent of the immigrants belong to the Evangelical Lutheran state church. Then the other five percent are members of other faiths and only five percent have no religion. Also, Constitutional monarchy is Norway s government type and the capital city is Oslo. The higher the education in America is greatly over religion to most people. In the Norwegian immigrant community the Lutheran church has their education in a Christian spirit. They do this by having establ ished LutheranShow MoreRelatedStatistic Project Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesKazakhstan | Ecuador | Cambodia | Mali | Guatemala | Angola | Cuba | Greece | Chad | Guinea | Belgium | Burundi | Czech Republic | Bolivia | Hungary | Dominican Republic | Haiti | Belarus | Benin | Azerbaijan | Austria | Honduras | Israel | Bulgaria | Libya | Jordan | Laos | El Salvador | Ertrea | Nicaragua | Kyrgyzstan | Denmark | Finland | Central African Republic | Norway | Ireland | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Georgia | Costa RicaRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Discoveries702 Words   |  3 Pagesthat had already inhabited it. This group of Native Americans was called the Taino. The Taino were the most native people who inhabited the Caribbean. They occupied what are now the Caribbean Islands of the Virgin Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Haiti. When Christopher Columbus confronted the Taino, he characterized them as â€Å"naked as the day they were born.† By 1550, close to all the Taino population was wiped out due to disease spread to the Americas by Spaniards. FurthermoreRead MoreMotor Vehicles Per 1000 People1434 Words   |  6 Pages| | Hungary | 348 | 345 | 345 | | | Iceland | 748 | 745 | 747 | | | India | 18 | | | | | Indonesia | 61 | 66 | 69 | | | Ireland | 513 | 500 | 491 | | | Israel | 314 | 322 | 330 | | | Italy | 672 | 679 | 682 | | | Jamaica | 185 | 181 | 179 | | | Japan | 590 | 590 | 588 | | | Jordan | 158 | 168 | 177 | | | Kazakhstan | 197 | 219 | 246 | | | Kenya | 23 | 24 | 25 | | | Korea, Rep. | 352 | 363 | 370 | | | Kosovo | 102 | 113 | 150 | | | KuwaitRead MoreEcological Footprint1612 Words   |  7 Pages4.36 6.29 3.48 -2.81 Netherlands 16.46 6.19 1.03 -5.16 Finland 5.28 6.16 12.46 6.30 Sweden 9.16 5.88 9.75 3.87 Czech Republic 10.27 5.73 2.67 -3.06 Macedonia 2.04 5.66 1.43 -4.23 Latvia 2.27 5.64 7.07 1.43 Norway 4.72 5.56 5.48 -0.08 Mongolia 2.61 5.53 15.14 9.61 Spain 44.05 5.42 1.61 -3.81 Greece 11.11 5.39 1.62 -3.77 Singapore 4.49 5.34 0.02 -5.32 Austria 8.31 5.30 3.31 -1.99 Slovenia 2.01 5.30 2.61 -2.69 Saudi ArabiaRead MoreSex Trafficking : The Exploitation Of Women And Children1370 Words   |  6 PagesCountries that are placed in Tier 1 include: Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, South Korea, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and United States of America. 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Another argument that supports development asRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Immigration In The U.S. Economy3296 Words   |  14 Pagesit reflected the serious concerns of some Americans. During the 1870’s, the U.S. economy suffered a depression while that of Germany and United Kingdom improved. German and British immigration to the United States then decreased. Arrivals came from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, China, Canada, and southern and eastern Europe. In 1875, the United States passed its first restrictive immigration law. It prevented convicts and prostitutes from entering the country. During the late 1870’s, Californians demandedRead MoreDomestic and External International Factors on African Macroeconomic Formulation.4066 Words   |  16 Pagesworldbank.org/country/cote-divoire Cote dIvoire 12,764,325,000 13,865,150,000 12,567,783,000 11,701,623,000 11,429,731,000 HYPERLINK http://data.worldbank.org/country/croatia Croatia HYPERLINK http://data.worldbank.org/country/cuba Cuba HYPERLINK http://data.worldbank.org/country/CW Curacao HYPERLINK http://data.worldbank.org/country/cyprus Cyprus HYPERLINK http://data.worldbank.org/country/czech-republic Czech Republic HYPERLINK

Analytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process

2.3.2 MCDA Models Related to Thesis Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are different methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods introduced by Tomas Saaty. AHP tries to solve the decision problem by modeling it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be modeled as a hierarchy. This complexity occurs because of the effect of criteria on each other or the effect of alternatives on criteria. The Analytic Network Process is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. ANP approach comprises four steps [87]: Step 1: Model construction and problem structuring: The problem should be stated clearly and decomposed into a rational system like a network Step 2: Pairwise comparisons and priority vectors: In ANP, like AHP, pairs of decision elements at each cluster are compared with respect to their importance towards their control criteria. In addition, interdependencies among criteria of a cluster must also be examined pairwise; the influence of each element on other elements can be represented by an eigenvector. The relative importance values are determined with Saaty’s scale. Step 3: Supermatrix formation: The Supermatrix concept is similar to the Markov chain process. To obtain global priorities in a system with interdependent influences, the local priority vectors are entered in the appropriate columns of aShow MoreRelatedAnalytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are several methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods created by Tomas Saaty. AHP endeavor to solve the decision making problem by formed it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be formed as a hierarchy. This complexity happens because of the effect of criteria between each other or the effect ofRead MoreIn This Paper, We Discuss How To Select The Best Network1668 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper, we discuss how to select the best network from the available radio networks in case of vehicular communication, for a particular voice application. Selection of network is done by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy-Topsis method. Our main aim of this work is to reduce the chances of collision through Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The number of vehicles is increasing rapidly these days that causes the chances of collision beca use of limited number of path. A significantRead MoreSolving Multi Criteria Decision Making Problems1278 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods created by Tomas Saaty. AHP endeavor to solve the decision making problem by formed it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be formed as a hierarchy. This complexity happens because of the effect of criteria between each other or the effect of alternatives on criteria. Generally we can say The Analytic Network Process is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy ProcessRead MoreThe Decision Making With Multiple Criteria893 Words   |  4 PagesThe decision making with multiple criteria (MCDM) has been successfully used in complex business problems. There are several methods for MCDM, such as Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP), Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of All Possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA), Weighted Sum Mode (WSM), Ana lytic network process (ANP), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) and so forth. In this article, the ANP will be compared with AHP. The reason for choosing this two method is because they are commonly used in theRead MoreA Supplier Selection, Evaluation and Re-Evaluation Model for Textile Retail Organizations5854 Words   |  24 PagesIn the last phase, the factors related to system performance of the certified suppliers determined in the second phase of the model are identified and their relative importance values are suggested. The model utilizes Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) as decision-making tools. Both model and the weights of the factors determined present a valuable insight on supply processes of a wide range of textile products supplying departments of all retail chain companiesRead MoreBachelor Thesis on Business Intelligence Essay11660 Words   |  47 PagesSME’s performance and their ï ¬ nancial competitiveness. The aim of this thesis is to present a method for the evaluation of BI programmes and their suppliers. In this study three Business Intelligence vendors are compared by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): JCommerce, Hogart Business Intelligence and Datacom Software. AHP is a multicriteria decision analysis methodology that was utilized to help SMEs tackle the complicated problem of vendor selection. The AHP methodology deployedRead MoreA Research Study On Prioritization Methods2729 Words   |  11 PagesUsing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select and prioritize projects in a portfoli0, 2010 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Pairwise comparison of each elements Saaty, T. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, 2008 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Pairwise comparison of each elements LePrevost, J. Mazur, G. Quality infrastructure improvement: Using QFD to manage project priorities and project management resources, 2003 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality FunctionRead MoreSystematic Algorithm Of Proposed Prioritization Method2099 Words   |  9 Pagesfound in Saaty (Saaty Ãâ€"zdemir, 2005): Phase 1: Construction of model and problem structuring; in this step the problem should be stated clearly and decomposed into a rational system like a network. Phase 2: Pairwise comparisons and priority vectors: In ANP, like Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), pairs of decision elements at each cluster are compared with respect to their importance towards their criteria. In addition, interdependencies among criteria of a cluster must also be examinedRead MoreQuantifying Information Technology Value1354 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise IT systems in general and analytics specifically is based on the myriad of information needs companies have. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) must increasingly be just as much of a strategist as a technologist. This is increasingly evident in how CIOS are expected to not only cost-reduce IT systems but also enable greater agility in information technologies to drive top-line revenue growth (Trkman, McCormack, de Oliveira, Ladeira, 2010). There are many analytics and reporting frameworks availableRead MoreIntroduction And Objectives Of The Study. Introduction1149 Words   |  5 Pagesmay only consider the r evenue and value of project, whilst some may focus on its financial of owner, knowledge of supervisor and so on. Construction projects often fail to achieve their time, budget, profitability and quality goals. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a new approach that can be used to analyse and assess project viability, identify critical success factors and to overcome the limitations of the traditional approaches currently used by contractors. OBJECTIVE: The objective of

Analysis Of The Id, Ego, And Superego In Medea - 801 Words

Edgar Allen Poe had once said, I was never really insane except upon occasions when my heart was touched†. Some might say the same, including the infamous Medea. Medea was a married woman and a mother of two who was left alone, heartbroken, and seeking revenge after her husband left her for a woman of higher status. Acting impulsively and irrationally, she executes a murderous plan, leaving her old lover with the funeral plans of both his new princess and their children. At first glance, one might say that she is heartless, evil, and spiteful; however, once analyzed using the psychoanalytic theory, one can quickly change their perspective to understand her better. Sigmund Freud developed the concept that one’s personality is classified†¦show more content†¦The individuals who actually behave through the superego point of view are the nurse, messenger, chorus, and the chorus leader. The chorus leader explains to Medea, â€Å"Since you’ve shared your plans with me, I urge you not to do this. I want to help you, holding to the standards of human law† (I.962-964). They are describing to her the repercussions of her potential actions hoping that they can stop her. At the beginning of the play, there are scenes where one can see the superego winning however, he quickly loses the battle as Medea sends off the poisonous dress to the Princess. Not only should one examine the internal conflicts within Medea that drive her to execute her plan, but they should also look into how she is able to mentally function while killing her offspring. A defense mechanism is an unconscious function that reduces anxiety within an individual. While deconstructing Medea, one can find many mechanisms that were used. One of the main defense mechanisms that Medea used was displacement. Displacement is diverting sexual and aggressive impulses towards an object that is more acceptable. In this case, that â€Å"object† is the princess. Insert proof of displacement Medea also used rationalization to help ease her thoughts with self-justification and sacrificing her children to the cause. Insert

Chef School Secrets Essay Example For Students

Chef School Secrets Essay Secrets of the C.I.A: Americas Premier Chefs SchoolGeorgia Southern University StatesboroThis narrative school portraiture will introduce the reader to one of the worlds finest culinary schools, and the leader in American culinary arts training. The history of culinary education in America will be examined and the rise of professional culinary education will be presented to familiarize the reader with the current state of this type of Additionally, the author will provide personal recollections from his own experience as a student at the Culinary in the late 1970s. The author will attempt to impart the flavor and mystique that the Culinary Institute of America represents to culinary professionals around the world. It is a special place in the hearts of many and more so in the hearts of its alumni. Secrets of the C.I.A: Americas Premier Chefs SchoolAs a young man, perhaps the age of 11 or 12, I was introduced to the world of the Chef. It was magic, gleaming stainless steel, aromas of simmering sauces, the taut military jaw of the Executive Chef looking over his brigade of cooks, pure magic for a boy who had dreams. My introduction to culinary arts came about through my involvement in Boy Scouts. As a youngster, growing up in the turbulent sixties, my life needed direction which was found in Scouting. The premises of Scouting are simple, work hard, gain rewards through the accomplishment of tasks, gain leadership opportunities to help younger scouts succeed; lessons learned for life. A part of Scouting is to proceed through a series of ranks, based on performance and the completion of work which garners a merit badge. As a scout earns merit badges, selected from a list much like a core courses are offered in a college major, the award of rank is presented in a ceremony attended by peers, parents and scout leaders. It is exciting, as Napoleon said in 1804 to Field Marshall Foch, . . . men wont walk across the street for money, but they will die for medals. Boys have similar motivation and do the same for a scout badge. The more merit badges earned, the higher the rank and more the prestige in the scouting community. Beginning with Tenderfoot, a scout progresses through the ranks as follows: Second Class, First Class, Star Scout, Life Scout and the final and most coveted award Eagle Scout. I had set my eyes on the prize of becoming an Eagle Scout, one of only two percent of scouts who accomplish this rank. One of the merit badges on the road to Eagle was Cooking, hence my introduction to Chef Johnson of the Ember Room. Chef Johnson, a graduate of the New Haven Restaurant Institute, was the expert who had to sign off on my Cooking merit badge completion sheet. With his signature the merit badge was mine and another box could be checked off toward my earning the hungered for Eagle Scout rank. This was easier said than done, as Chef Johnson was a task master who did not take his role as mentor lightly. I thrived under his scrutiny of my work like I had never done before, I liked it. With the help of my scout leaders and the patient guidance of Chef, I reached my goal and became an Eagle Scout in October 1966. Chef Johnson, even as an adult I never called him by his first name, instilled in me a new sense of self-respect and the ability to create a product which did so many things to and for people, it was indeed magic and POWER! I worked for Chef during my years in high school and sadly during the summer after graduation I left his gentle hand for the world only a young man can experience. My dream was to become the best chef, with a small c, as I could. I could not yet compare myself to my mentor and teacher, Chef with a big C. I must earn that right by paying my dues and learning my craft a day at a time. The opportunity to work in a variety of positions in hotels and restaurants was afforded me, based on my skill as a culinarian and my drive to become the best. As my career grew and my skills matured, it was time for me to find a mate to share my hopes and dreams. Into my life came my beautiful bride and wife of over twenty years, Moon. My darling inspired me to become what I had only rhapsodized about to her for years, attend culinary school and finally become a Chef, big C, like my mentor. At the age of thirty I applied to the premier chef school in the United States, The Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, New York, 3000 miles from my home in California and a world away from the Embers of my youth. Culinary education has not always been the modern curriculum and formalized training it is today. In the past, before there were chefs schools, there were professionals who dedicated their lifes work to teaching people to cook. The Boston Cooking School was one of the first significant cooking schools in the United States. In addition to teaching students to cook, they also taught how to instruct others to cook. In 1877, 30 year old Fannie Merrit Farmer attended the Boston Cooking School. After graduation she began teaching and eventually became the schools principal. She published the Boston School Cookbook in 1896. In an age when foods were measured by the pinch and handful, her teachings were very influential. Through her book and the school, she taught the importance of recipe accuracy and measurements. Her book is still a valid resource and remains in print today. In 1946, when television was in its infancy, James Beard began to teach through this brand new medium. Later he opened a cooking school in his Greenwich Village brownstone and for more than 30 years taught professionals and nonprofessionals the significance of American Cuisine. When Julie Child hit the airwaves, she showed America how to prepare and cook French Cuisine. These two events brought much publicity to the craft of being a chef. The 1940s was an important period for culinary education in America. As the postwar economy boomed, so did cooking schools. The same year James Beard aired his television show, the Culinary Institute of America was founded. The CIA was the first career oriented cooking school in the United States. Originally located on Yales campus in Connecticut and called the New Haven Restaurant Institute, the school relocated in 1972 to its present home in Hyde Park, New York. Prior to opening the CIA, if one wanted to become a chef, one had to apprentice under a seasoned master and learn the craft on the job. Apprenticing has always been the obvious choice for a European chef, but this was not the case in America. The Culinary Institute of America is perched high above the majestic Hudson river in one of the most beautiful locations in the world. The Hudson Valley has inspired artists for hundreds of years and spawned the Hudson Valley School of painting, spectacular landscapes and dreamy interp retations of nature at its pristine and unsullied best. The school is an imposing red brick, five story Victorian structure. It is actually a converted Jesuit Monastery, named St. Andrews on the Hudson. The thickly wooded and wildlife laden (deer, skunk, squirrel, racoon and the occasional black bear) 75 acre campus is home to more than 2000 full time culinary students who study in its ancient halls and modern kitchens. How Many Types Of Sharks Are There EssayAt graduation, which happens 16 times per year, students receive their diploma, a Cordon Bleu from which the bronze school medallion hangs and the tall toque, their newly earned badge of honor. Only 56% of students who began the program less than two years earlier graduate. Many leave because the school is too demanding, some quit because they realize that being a chef is a lot of work, others have money problems and cant afford to continue and some stay on as a full time employee at the restaurant where they did their mid-term externship. The ones who do graduate and the three guests they are each allowed to invite, are served a stupefyingly festive six course lunch, including four types of wine (two red, one white, one sparkling) by the Banquet Organization class. Diplomas in hand, Cordon around the neck, a head full of knowledge and hands full of skill, the CIA graduate is ready to take their place in line with the long list of great chefs who have come before them and live their dream of being a professional culinarian. I am proud to be one of these elite graduates. For the remainder of my life I will continue to abide by the traditions I learned and savor the experiences I enjoyed during my time at The Culinary. Bibliography:

Liberia A country struggling from the effects of civil war

Table of Contents Introduction – Facts on Liberia History of the Liberian civil war Literature review Possible solutions Conclusion References Introduction – Facts on Liberia Liberia is a country located on the shores North Atlantic Ocean in West Africa. Covering an area of 43,000 sq. miles and having a population of around 3.49 million people, its capital city is Monrovia, which has a population of 1.01 million. In addition, the country’s annual economic growth rate as at 2008 was 2.1%.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Liberia: A country struggling from the effects of civil war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike most African countries, Liberia was never officially colonized; it became a republic in 1847, having been established by slaves who had been sent to the country from the US after being set free. Liberia therefore regards the United States of America as its pseudo-col onialist. There are 16 indigenous tribes in Liberia with the most dominant group being the Kpelle accounting for about 20% of the population. There are also â€Å"descendants of freed slaves that arrived in Liberia after 1820, who make up less than 5% of the population† (US Department of State, 2010). The population of Liberia is predominantly Christian (85%) with Muslims forming a sizeable percentage, 12% (US Department of State, 2010). Moreover, the official language of Liberia is English. Liberia’s mainly depends on agriculture, with rubber being its cash crop. For many years, Liberia was among the stable countries in Africa until the onset of the civil war, which ravaged the country and brought it onto its knees. The country is now trying to recover from the devastating war, with political reforms being put in place. Liberia held its first democratic elections in November 2005, with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf emerging victorious to rule the nation and become the pioneer African woman to head country democratically elected. History of the Liberian civil war Since the inception of Liberia as a republic, it has been ruled mainly by the Americo-liberians. This is despite the fact that they account for less than 5% of the population. This group created legislation, which ensured that they remain in power. They ensured that the members of indigenous communities could not be allowed to vote until 1946 when the law was repealed. However, the domination of the americo-liberians continued until â€Å"1980 when a group from the indigenous Krahn tribe, led by Samuel Doe, staged a military coup against the government† that was led by William Tolbert, an Americo-liberians (Insight on Conflict, 2010). In a surprise turn of events, Doe put to death William Tolbert and many other officials of his government who were mainly americo-liberians and aided in the formation of Peoples Redemption Council (PRC), a party of the indigenous Liberians. This party ousted the True Whig Party, which had been in leadership since the inception of the republic (US department of state).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Doe’s subsequent rule was characterized by very cruel oppression of political opponents and general nepotism towards his ethnic tribe of Krahn. The favoritism of the Krahn tribe created ethnic tensions between them and other ethnic groups. Doe continued to rule the country until its invasion from Ivory Coast by Charles Taylor, former minister in Doe’s government. By early 1990, Taylor controlled much of Liberia but Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) prevented him from seizing Monrovia. In fact, the power struggle between Taylor and Doe created a very bloody civil war (US department of state, 2010). ECOWAS facilitated a peace agreement, which led to the formation of a five-man transition government , leading to disarmament and eventually elections on 19th July 1997 (US department of state, 2010). Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Party worn the elections by collecting 75%; however, democracy led to increased ethnic tensions in the groups, which were loyal to the opponents of Charles Taylor. At the same time, Taylor’s support for a rebel faction involved in the Sierra Leone civil war, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led to regional tensions. This later led to renewed violence in Liberia. The second civil war was ignited by conflict between the Liberians for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) group and the local community; however, the government could do little to quell the situation as a result of sanctions, a situation that accelerated the spread to the strife in the country killing dozens of citizens. This culminated in the eventual resignation of Taylor in 2003 after he had lost control of about two thirds of Liberia leading to the arrival of peacekee pers to quell the heavy fighting in the capital Monrovia. Taylor was thereafter put to trial in Sierra Leone due to his support of the RUF, which was involved in the Sierra Leone civil war (Insight on conflict, 2010). Among the root causes of the first civil war in Liberia was ethnicity between the tribes of Liberia. This problem was first cultivated by the americo-liberians who founded the state of Liberia. They denied the indigenous tribes the right to vote in elections and put in place other legislations, which generally oppressed the indigenous Liberians. This was despite the fact that they were not indigenously Liberians and accounted for a very small percentage of the total Liberian population Literature review Many different scholars have studied the civil war in Liberia and proposed different causes of the conflict. One such explanation of the Liberian civil war is the ethnic theory. The country was divided into the americo-liberians and 16 indigenous groups. The people who controlled the country both politically and economically were the americo-liberians; and each of the groups had its own institutions, cultures, and values, as well as motives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Liberia: A country struggling from the effects of civil war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The americo-liberians wanted total political and economic control of the country despite the fact that they formed less than 5% of the total population of the country. In addition, the americo-liberians dominated the political and economic aspects of Liberia from 1847-1980. However, they were succeeded by another ethnic community, the Krahn, which dominated the country from 1980-1999. Moreover, each of the groups that was in power tried to benefit only people from the same ethnic group (Kieh, 2008, p18). Another explanation of the causes of civil war in Liberia is known as the settler state theory. This theo ry classifies the Liberian community into two groups: the settlers and the indigenous group. The settlers, the americo-liberians, came from abroad and their main agenda was to establish domination in the country where they settled. The settlers saw themselves as superior to the indigenous group. They tried to make the indigenous group conform to their cultures and termed the cultures of the indigenous group as backward. After the indigenous groups accepted the cultures of the settlers, they formulated laws to help them acquire land and have general domination over the indigenous group. The settlers also gradually become autonomous from the mother nation, and then established systems to advance their general agenda (Kieh, 2008 p25). Both these theories have been used to explain the causes of Liberian civil war. However, these theories are not correct; one important point to note is that in both cases, the theories explain that the civil war is caused by general inequality in the Libe rian society with some groups of people being superior to others. The levels of inequalities between the americo-liberians and the indigenous communities are very high in Liberia. Indeed, the americo-liberians control a large part of the social, economic, and political spheres of the Liberian society. Possible solutions Many countries in Africa have had civil wars including Angola, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast, with Angola having had the longest civil war in Africa (Handelman, 2010). However, depending on how a country tackles the challenges posed by civil war, it may be the springboard for a nation’s path to prosperity. Many countries have emerged even stronger after being on the brink of total collapse due to civil war. For instance, the American civil war helped America to become even stronger politically and economically. Immediately after the war, measures were taken to ensure equality of blacks who were considered inferior to the whit es. This was through the enactment of various legislations by the state, with the thirteenth amendment to the constitution (1865) abolishing slavery.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The congress then passed legislation to ensure that the blacks had more freedom (the civil Rights Act). This gave the blacks the freedom to enter into contracts, own property and bear witness in court, as well as giving the blacks more economic and political freedom. These and other legislations allowed the states that had left the Union to come back to the union, the result of which was consolidation of peace and prosperity of the United States of America. To reduce the probabilities of occurrence of civil war the government must be able to fully tackle the underlying problems that led to the civil war so that there may be long-term prosperity. In Liberia, the greatest problem has mainly been lack of ethnic equality and fair distribution of resources. These are the main factors that led to the first and second Liberian civil wars. However, the government must first tackle the immediate problems that the country faces due to the prolonged civil war. Disarmament of the youth should b e among the priorities of the government. The government must also devise means of integrating these youths into the community to avoid recurrent violence; for instance, the youth must be taught how to coexist peacefully with other members of the community (Youth in Humanitarian Crises, 2010). The government must also create ways of rebuilding the infrastructure, which was destroyed by the war. These include transport and communication systems, electricity, and improvement in security. However, the most important measure to guarantee prosperity would be the enactment of legislation, which gives economic and political freedom to the population. This would ensure peace and therefore help in attracting foreign investors into the country, thereby helping in job creation and reduction of other problems caused by the war (Radelet, 2007, p 8). The government must also ensure that there is peace and security, in addition to revitalization of the economic activity. Primarily, the majority of Liberians are dependent on agriculture for their income, with rubber being the main cash crop. Therefore, the government should move in quickly to restore the agricultural production in the country through subsidies and other viable agricultural policies. This will not only enhance food supply in the country, but also create jobs for ex-fighters, refugees, and youth. The opening up of the economy through the reduction of barriers to trade will lead attraction of investments in manufacturing and services industries. This will create jobs for both skilled and unskilled people while at the same time enhancing exports, thereby enabling the government get the much-needed foreign exchange. Finally, the government should strengthen the governance and establish the rule of law in the country, strive to create an efficient civil service and eradicate corruption and impunity. The government should also strengthen the judiciary and parliament so that the two may act as foundation for the rule of law (Radelet, 2007, p 9). Conclusion Most third world countries have at one time of their existence either had a civil conflict or are still in a state of civil war. Therefore, civil war presents a major setback for most third world countries in achieving economic and political prosperity. These countries must therefore be able to understand the reasons of civil war in order to avoid them at any cost. Since most third world countries have had the experience of civil war at one time of their existence, how they tackle their post civil war problems determines so much about their future path to prosperity. This will also apply to Liberia, a country that is currently recovering from the pangs of civil war that had significant and adverse effect on its socio-economic and political environments. References Handelman, H. (2009). The challenge of Third World development: NJ: Prentice Hall – Pearson. Insight on conflict. (2010). Conflict Profile: Liberia. Web. Kieh, G. K. (2008). The first Liberian civil war: the crises of underdevelopment. Lang publishing. Web. Radelet, S. (2007). Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia Working Paper 133. Centre for Global Development. Web. US Department of State. (2010). Background Note: Liberia. Web. Youth in humanitarian crises. (2010). Liberian youth and post conflict transition. Web. This research paper on Liberia: A country struggling from the effects of civil war was written and submitted by user Steven M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Americas Vehicle Emissions

As the owner of an SUV, perhaps the least environmentally conscious vehicle, I realize that I need to know exactly why my everyday transportation is unhealthy and politically incorrect. My car goes about 18 miles per gallon in San Francisco city driving and perhaps a few more miles per gallon on the freeway. I try to drive my car as little as possible, but as consuming American I often place convenience over health. However, I would like to know how all that burnt fuel affects everyone else? The Environmental Protection Agency stated, "The most polluting activity an average person does everyday is drive his car"(1 factsheet OMS-5). Most pollution that is released by cars comes from the exhaust, mainly in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds, a combination of two or more elements that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are released when fuel in the engine burns partially. When hydrocarbons come in contact with sunlight they form ground level ozone. Ground level ozone is a major ingredient in the formation of smog. Ground level ozone is responsible for irritating eyes, damaging lungs, and it complicating respiratory problems. When upper level ozone is low; however, people are harmed. At ozone levels 33 percent below the current federal standard, children at summer camp and healthy exercising adults suffer from shortness of breath, coughing, painful breathing and loss of lung function. (American Lung Association 6)Two more pollutants released through car exhaust are carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. The first reduces the flow of oxygen to the bloodstream, and could harm pe ople with heart disease. Nitrogen oxide is formed when a car engine gets hot. It contains chemicals that aid in the formation of ground level ozone as well as acid rain (2 factsheet, OMS-5). Acid rain destroys the outsides of buildings, statues, etc. Acid rain can also contaminate drinking water, damage vegetation, and dest... Free Essays on America's Vehicle Emissions Free Essays on America's Vehicle Emissions As the owner of an SUV, perhaps the least environmentally conscious vehicle, I realize that I need to know exactly why my everyday transportation is unhealthy and politically incorrect. My car goes about 18 miles per gallon in San Francisco city driving and perhaps a few more miles per gallon on the freeway. I try to drive my car as little as possible, but as consuming American I often place convenience over health. However, I would like to know how all that burnt fuel affects everyone else? The Environmental Protection Agency stated, "The most polluting activity an average person does everyday is drive his car"(1 factsheet OMS-5). Most pollution that is released by cars comes from the exhaust, mainly in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds, a combination of two or more elements that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are released when fuel in the engine burns partially. When hydrocarbons come in contact with sunlight they form ground level ozone. Ground level ozone is a major ingredient in the formation of smog. Ground level ozone is responsible for irritating eyes, damaging lungs, and it complicating respiratory problems. When upper level ozone is low; however, people are harmed. At ozone levels 33 percent below the current federal standard, children at summer camp and healthy exercising adults suffer from shortness of breath, coughing, painful breathing and loss of lung function. (American Lung Association 6)Two more pollutants released through car exhaust are carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. The first reduces the flow of oxygen to the bloodstream, and could harm pe ople with heart disease. Nitrogen oxide is formed when a car engine gets hot. It contains chemicals that aid in the formation of ground level ozone as well as acid rain (2 factsheet, OMS-5). Acid rain destroys the outsides of buildings, statues, etc. Acid rain can also contaminate drinking water, damage vegetation, and dest...

[Banking and Management] Assess the advantages and limitations of Essay

[Banking and Management] Assess the advantages and limitations of universal banking OR all purpose financial institutions - Essay Example tional economic investments, the Chinese banking sector has undertaken the strategies of integrating investment services, advisory and underwriting service, home finance and asset management under the same umbrella of the commercial services provided the banks. The universal banking service offered by the Chinese state-owned banks has certain advantages as well as the limitations. On one hand, the aspect of universal banking enables the banks to increase their sales revenues and profitability by catering to the investment demands of the worldwide markets apart from the commercial services. The limitations of offering universal banking products and services lay due to the fluctuation of international economic conditions and the fluctuation of interest rates, exchange rate that would increase the risk exposure of the investment services. The concept of universal banking includes a wide range of financial services provided by the banks in order to cater to the regular banking as well as the investment needs of the customers. The aspect of â€Å"all purpose financial institutions† is related to offering comprehensive service to the customers that also help the banks to diversify the risk of their business. The various banking products and solutions that are offered under the system of universal banking includes savings and deposits accounts, loans and credit services, management of assets, investment service, underwriting services, financial analysis, advisory services, processing of payments, etc. However, banks may choose to offer specific products and services in a universal banking system depending on their specializations. The Chinese banks have been recently named by a magazine as the one of the world’s largest and profitable banks in the world (Linda and Julapa, 2000, p.33). However, this does not mean that the Chinese banking sector is more resilient to the complexities of international economies. Although developments in the Chinese banking sector have

Tax-Planning Client Letter on Irrevocable Trusts, Gift Tax, and Estate Essay

Tax-Planning Client Letter on Irrevocable Trusts, Gift Tax, and Estate Tax - Essay Example The first thing you need to know is that irrevocable trusts are treated as independent legal entities that own their assets. It is also important to know that in the course of establishing an irrevocable trust is likely involve unexpected tax consequences. Some of the tax consequences are likely to be unfavorable. Since you would like the income from the trust to be paid to your two grandchildren for 20 years, such payment would be accompanied by income tax. In this regard, you will need to complete Form 1041 and file it to report the trust income. This would be required if the trust earns over $600 in the course of tax year. Nevertheless, the income from the irrevocable trusts would be taxed in the same approach as individuals. You, as the trustee, will also be required to file and deliver copies of Schedule K-1 to each of the two grandchildren, who are the beneficiaries, in their first distribution during the tax year (Clausen, Givner, Kavagh, kaye, & Kinyan, 2014 ). There is also the issue of gift tax. In this regard, the transfer of your assets to the irrevocable trust is accompanied by gift tax liability. The only exclusion is a case of $13,000 per annum on each of the beneficiaries. If the gift exceeds $13,000, it is subjected a maximum tax rate of 35%. In such a case, you would be required to file the gift tax by filing Form 709.This would however be necessary if you owe the gift tax. It is important to note that your grandchildren, as the beneficiaries, will not be liable for the gift tax (Clausen, Givner, Kavagh, kaye, & Kinyan, 2014 ). Another case of possible tax liability is estate tax. Estate tax would be imposed after your death. This will be done on the portion of your estate that surpasses the gift tax exclusions in the same year of your death. Your executor after then would be required to file Form

Musical Culture In Various Regions

Musical Culture In Various Regions Through research and studying about the different musical culture in various regions, one can often link the different characteristics of music with the particular place. Music shares a close connection with place as it helps shape the ways we make music. In different places, ideas about the aesthetics, contexts as well as history of music will vary. The uniqueness of place is critical in our understanding of music as different perceptive and judgments incite differences. Disparity in environment also gives rise to the different levels of appreciation of music. The effectiveness of music will also be questioned when it is presented in a completely different environment as there are bound to be a difference in understanding the background of music, which includes the different influence, functions and representation of it. The discussion of musics connection with place can be framed by broad boundaries concerning the ecological, political, acoustic and social context of the environment, which somewhat affects the type of music that is made and how it is regarded in the area. The musical situation and concept may mean different things and involve different activities among the people in various societies. In the following essay, I will explore the wide array of differences and perception of music due to the diverse environment they are made in. In Papua New Guinea, it can be said that music of the Kalulis share a close connection with their rainforest. This relationship between music and ecology is important and the never ending dense soundscape play a major role in the daily lives of the Kalulis. The sensuousness of their everyday life is closely tied to the experiences of places. An evident example being the pattern of sounding- Dulugu Ganalan, also known as lift-up-sounding, is an important musical trait of Kaluli music. It is characterized by having one sound that stands out momentarily, and then just as quickly fades into a distance, overlapped or echoed by a new or repeated emergence in the mosaic. Feeble or rather, no attempts are made to coordinate the singing or playing of the instruments in Kaluli soundmaking so as to somewhat imitate the music of the rainforests where the sounding of the creatures and nature is never in unison. This pattern of sounding in the natural environment is the inspiration for many Kaluli vocal and instrumental forms. The significance of creatures inhabiting the surroundings, such as birds, plays an important role in their music. Birds are commonly associated with the spirits of the dead and the calls of the birds are commonly imitated by human vocalizations as well as drum calls. The importance of birds to the Kalulis is such that they are voices and are vital in delineation of social spaces, between the non-spiritual and spiritual realm. Birds are like voices to the Kalulis. They recognize and acknowledge the existence of birds primarily through sound and likened them to be spirit reflections of deceased men and women. The construction of musical instruments such as the Kaluli drums, as well as vocalizations in Kaluli music are grounded in the perception of birds, as indicated foremost by the presence of sound. These calls of the birds are particularly important because it embodies much of the way Kaluli identify with their forest home and so much of their feelings about the death and the reflec tion realm. As Feld suggest, the incorporation of characteristics of the different bird calls in drumming and certain types of song (eg. Gisalo) brings about much emotional intensity to the musical performances. This is because the souls of the dead are thought to be revealed in the voices of the rainforest birds. Such association between music and the ecology of the environment is especially apparent in the Bosavi region. Songs and weeping not only recall and announce spirits, but their texts sung in a poetry called bird sound words, sequentially name places and co-occurring environmental features of vegetation, light and sound. These songs become what Kaluli call a path, namely a series of place-names that link the cartography of rainforest to the movement of its past and present inhabitants. These song paths are also linked to the spiritual world of birds. As Steven Feld notes, the link between the birds and the Kalulis shows a local ecology of voices in the forest. Place is also regarded a critical factor in determining the song structure of the Kaluli music. The formal structure of Heyalo songs as trees where trunk is marked as the refrain usually refers to the whistling sound of a local bird and branches is marked as verses reflecting such songs as maps of lands and human relations. Musical dialogue with the sounds of the environment is also an interesting trait that shows the connection between music and place. The Kalulis creates musical counterpoint with the environment such as singing duets with the Cicadas or waterfalls. The poetic sound words such as da:da, siya siya and wo-wo creates counterpoint with the imitation of the cicadas. The movement of water through the environment is also paralleled to the sound in song. Water flow animates much of Kaluli musical imagination, as all waterway terms are also names for the musical intervals, the segment of song, the patterns of rhythm, and the contours of melody. Kaluli compose their songs by creeks or waterfalls, singing with and to them, and the texts of these songs are maps of waterways or trails, viewing them from above as spirit birds might-in Felds words, sense that in song, sound flows and connects people and places- in the same way as water constantly flows through the environment, connecting, dividing bodies of land. In the Gisalo songs, its organization is identical to muni bird representation and to the tonal structure of weeping. Gisalo songs make full and dramatic use of all poetic resources and such dramatic performances in the song, dance, costumes and weeping makes the Gisalo performance likened to the form of a bird. This shows the close connection between the music of Kaluli and the significance of birds that are present in their rainforest environment. From the above, one can conclude that the connection with place in respect of the environmental ecology is critical to aesthetics, structure and emotive power of the Kaluli music. Such connection between music and the forest environment is also evident in the music among the Mbuti in Central Africa. The immense, ancient, thickly canopied tropical rainforest exerts a powerful influence on life of the people, namely the ethnic group of BaAka. Communal singing is part of their daily life in the forest as well as the rituals they perform when they are not in the village. An example being molimo, in which the Mbuti sing to the forest. It is sung to restore the tribes connection to the forest and make the forest happy, generally after some crisis, such as death or a period of bad hunting. Older men sing songs of praise to the forest and in reply, the forest also sings , with sounds varying from animal-like growls to high, melodious sounds. These sounds appear to come from a source moving through the forest, sometimes near the village, sometimes far away. For the Mbuti, the molimo evokes their intense love for the forest, which is their provider and protector: in rea l sense, their deity. As Turnbull suggests, song is used to communicate with the forest, and it is significant that the emphasis is on the actual sound, not on the words. Through this case study, we can see how music is connected to the ecological environment such as the rainforests. The music across State borders in the Northern Fringes of Europe shares close connections with the environment as well. Musical practice is shaped where through joiking; insights are offered about our eco-system to a global audience as arctic populations feel the effects of polar warming and notice changes in the eco-system first, alerting to us the global dimensions of environmental changes. Musicians contribute to the environmental, climate and global warming issues through joiking. An example being Valkeapaas composition of the Bird Symphony where he encourages listeners to consider creative practices in thinking about environment, alongside social, political, developmental and scientific perspectives on the environment as suggested by Ramnarine. Music in this case is studied in relation to the environmental crisis of the place. Its connection with place is through composing of the environment through joiking. Music is also regarded to have close connection with the environment as Valkeapaa referred joik to be like a ring that circles in the air and its structure can be compared with water moving in harmony with the landscape or the wind that touches the ground on the mountain plateau. In a different perspective in viewing of the environment, one can say the landscape and acoustics of the particular place plays an important part in the making of music. The music of Tibet had close connections with the vast open landscapes. Singers in Tibet are usually not trained professionally and they have extremely strong vocals which are developed due to singing frequently in the open pastures. Their vocal projection is powerful with characteristically condensed and focused singing sound which can be carried through in the open. Such nomadic vocal style shows the connection of music making in Tibet where open pastures and large open environment is apparent. Countless Tibetan songs and ballads are also equipped with lyrics that describes and sing praises of the environment of Tibet. Praises are sung of the brilliant sun of Tibet, the beautiful rivers, mountains and vast green fields. All these show the close connection between place and music where the place influences the diffe rent aspects of music making. Conversely, the difference of agricultural environment of the place affects the different types of music made. The connection between the contrasted environment of the Amazonia and Andean highlands has a significant impact in music making and gave rise to different musical ensembles. In the Amazonia, which is largely governed by tropical forests, a meditative and individual quality of music is preferred. The reflective and relaxing nature of the music made can be contrasted to music of the High Andes. One rarely hears meditative sounds but rather, strident and vibrant music is characteristic of the music. High tessitura is employed, instruments are often blown strongly to exploit the high registers and multiphonics, almost outwardly to put across the sense that they are compensating for the silence of the barren, treeless mountainscape. Musical ensembles in the High Andes tend to play monophonically in groups of the same family of instruments and are often accompanied with drums. In contrast, musical ensembles of the Amazon rarely play monophonically with regular drum accompaniment. In different places, the function music differs as well. With regards to the music of the High Andes, music is very much associated to agriculture as well as seasonal changes. Different sets of instrument, tunings and song genres invoke different emotional qualities and are alternated throughout the course of the year and are closely connected with the agricultural production. People play on their flutes and panpipes to the llamas and sheep as it is believed to promote fertility and sometimes are also said to console and bring joy to the surrounding landscape ensuring abundant herds and potato harvests. Music is a contextualized activity and is usually not heard when there are no festivals but in contrast, one will be virtually surrounded by music during festivals. It is also important to follow the conventions of only a certain specific group musical instruments are allowed to play during different seasons as it is believed that music orders the seasons and cycles of production. On the other hand, the function of Sundanese music in Indonesia differs from that of the High Andes. Sundanese music is more frequently associated to ceremonies and celebrations where vocal music or instrumental music is performed for either ritual or entertainment purposes. Music serves as an accompaniment for dances such as the ketuk tilu, which is a flirtatious open air dance where the female entertainers sang and dance to rhythms produced by the kendang drum. Music also serves to function as an important accompaniment during theatrical performances such as the Wayang golà ©k-a rod puppet theatre. Through the case studies of the High Andes and Sundanese music in Indonesia, one can clearly see how functions in different places give rise to different types of music. (AM I GOING OUT OF POINT BY MAKING THIS LAST LINK TO THE QNS?) Musics connection with place can also be discussed in the context of the political climate of the particular place. The political climate of the place also plays a role in the influence on the type of music produced, one example being the music in Tibet. It is necessary for one to understand the political context first before being able to accurately grasp the understanding of Tibetan music. Reform of culture due to the political control by the Chinese Communist Party, Cultural Revolution and post-Cultural Revolution policy, all play a significant role in the music of Tibet. Traditional songs were banned during the Cultural Revolution and national ideology is imposed on the performing arts. Propaganda songs were composed and national unification of the musical style was evident during the Cultural Revolution. Great massive symphonic works written for large orchestras portraying grandeur and power, and these were favored to the traditional smaller scale works. Secular music also fared better under the Chinese rule than the monastic music that was distinctive of Tibet. This shows the how political climate of the particular place affects the composition of music, which in this case, the cultural revolution in Tibet. These case studies show that the particularities of place are critical in understanding music. There are different important implications for the different experience of landscape and social differences among the different case studies mentioned above. The diversity in organizing and understanding of music, as well as the varying stylistic features diverge between the different places are closely connected with the specific setting, way of life and associations to place. In addition, other individuals who come from a different environment or place may or may not appreciate the particular musical type. Experiences and sentiments raised vary among these outsiders and that their experience of music will be different to that of the concerned group. Scientists tell us bird calls are for mating and marking territory and give them no significance outside the bird world, but for the Kalulis, bird sounds are part of a song pattern that connects to human world and involves feelings of sadness. It is evident that the cultural and social differences in the different places give rise to different musical features as well as the functions of music in the different contexts. In conclusion, one can affirm that music shares a close connection with place. The different ecological, acoustic, social and political environment gives rise to the different styles of music as well as different levels of understanding and appreciation of music.

The Theory of Attributions Essay -- Psychology

Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour, and these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. Constructing attributions allows an understanding of others. This allows us to make judgments, which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with that individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as it allows predications to be made with respect to forthcoming actions. Attribution explains human causal reasoning i.e. the idea that observed behaviour can be explained as being the result of a specific cause; there is an explanation or a reason behind all observed behaviour. Attribution theorists not only focus on the actual causes of behaviour, but also upon the perceived causes too. The psychology discipline has conducted extensive research into attribution. Kelly and Michela (1980), reported over 900 attribution studies which were conducted in the 1970’s. There are many Attribution theories that aim to unravel the causes of human reasoning. The three main theories to be discussed in this essay are Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1956). Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour; these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. The Construction of attributions allows an understanding of others. This also assists make judgments which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with the individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as this allows a predication of forthcoming actions. Human causal reasoning is the idea that behaviour observed can be explained by a cause; there is an explanation or a re... ...rey & Felman 1991;Wilkening &Lamsful 1993). Gigerenzer (1991) suggests humans use â€Å"tools† and methods similar to those used by scientists. These theories have been useful as they have been used as a foundation to develop more current improved theories. Social Psychology continues to advance therefore the research needs to be updated to the society we live in. The traditional attribution theories can be useful to the modern world but do not necessarily apply to all cultures and individuals. Theories must be able to be generalizable to the majority therefore individual differences must be taken into account when developing new theories. Although the theorists have been criticised for being simplistic and out-dated the ideas are very influential. The ideas from these traditional theories continue to be used as a foundation for the forthcoming theories.

Pepsi vs Coke

ABSTRACT Soft drinks are playing the vital role in the market and the companies are also getting the good profits on these products. The soft drinks industry has originated in 1772. Now these drinks spread all over the world and the millions of bottles is consumed every day. Now this business is a global one and the companies are facing high competition in this business and they are changing their strategies according to the situations. Pearl Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Takes a great care to maintain quality control of products in their factory. The bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out.Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygienic condition. The chemical analysis is also flavours, gas contain and sugar percentage. The appearance, smell and taste of the production are suspended and the correcting measures are taken also as to sent right the bottling process. The main objective of the study is to find out the strength and weakness of the Pepsi in visakhapatnam zone when compared to the Coca-cola, that is mainly in the three places in Srikakulam district i. e. Srikakulam, Narasannapeta, and Amadalavalasa .Consulting almost all the outlets in these three areas, which are selling the soft drinks with a structured questionnaire, has done the study. The data has been collected and analyzed and interpreted by the help of the graphical representation technique. The analysis revels the various strengths and weaknesses of Pepsi in these areas along with the position of competitors. The most of the consumers preferred soft drinks because of better taste and to quench out their thrust. But now days, due to the changing food habits consumers have started adding the soft drinks in their food habits.The total sales of the soft drinks the Pepsi’s share is more but when compared with the Cock the number of outlets are less than Cock. Finally it can be concluded that the industry n eeds lot of channel management activities to do along with various promotional strategies for the customers. I wish the company got its objectives achieved CONTENTS Chapter NoTitle Page No 1. INTRODUCTION & DESIGN OF THE STUDY 1. 1 About the Marketing topic 1. 2 Need of the Study 1. 3 Hypothesis 1. Objective of the Study 1. 5 Research Methodology 1. 6 Limitations of the Study 1. 7 Chapter Plan of the Study 2. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 2. 1 Genesis and Growth 2. 2 Organization Structure 2. 3 Production Function 2. 4 HR Function 2. 5 Finance Function 2. 6 Marketing Function 2. 7 Future Plans 3. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 3. 1 Introduction 3. 2 Topic Coverage 3. 3 How it relates to Marketing Management 3. 4 Measuring Performance 4.DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 5. SUMMARY & SUGGESTIONS 5. 1 Summary 5. 2 Major findings 5. 3 Suggestions 5. 4 Implications for Owners / Managers 5. 5 conclusions 5. 6 Scope for the Future research 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY & QUESTIONNAIRE 6. 1 Bibliography 6. 2 Questionnaire CH APTER-1 Introduction & Design of the Study 1. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter various accepts of study are going to be discussed. To which area of management that study belongs to and various concepts that are related the area of study.The present outcomes under marketing and deals in the specific with the distribution network and its management. PEPSI COLA was in India from 1956-61 and left the country, as its products were not acceptable by the Indian customers. But recently in 1990 it re-entered the Indian market, where by PEPSI FOODS LIMITED was entered into a joint venture with PEPSI INTERNATIONAL, TATA and VOLTAS. PEPSI Bottlers and Producers of soft drinks buy concentrate and sell at fixed price and add a margin rationally for its products. 1. 2 NEED OF THE STUDY In modern days, market plays a vital role in rapidly changing industrial scenario.The marketing decline is under going reappraisal in the light of vast goals, technological, economic and social changes being faced by the today companies. The order to known the changes in the field of marketing it are necessary to conduct market survey. Study is conducted considering the following accepts: Firstly, visage is a representative of soft drink market which is highly promoting with a lot of potential which is at to be tapped. Secondly the behavior of the retailer is very much influenced by the additional benefits he is getting for selling the products having.Thirdly to understand the market condition of the soft drinks in the present scenario and the competition level in the market. Considered the key role of the retailer in present day market as an attempt was made to study the impact of company’s schemes of offering coolers to the retailers. 1. 3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY There is lot of scope for the further study in the project. Further study can be done in the following ways. ? We can make a study on Pepsi and Cock companies’ efficiency in their promotion activities. ? The same study can be conducted in other areas under bottling unit to generalize the finding for entire area under it. There is chance to know whether the Pepsi and Cock are doing the right thing regarding the sales promotion, product quality, discounts and advertising. ? A study on impact of visit coolers sales of Pepsi also be taken up. 1. 4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In view of intensifying competition in soft drink market, it is imperative that a brand keeps a constant, which on them market and response properly and promptly to the dynamics of the market. It is in view of this fact has the present study has been taken up for â€Å"PEPSI†. ? To know and compare the merchandising of Pepsi and Cock in retail outlets. To know the promotional activities of sales promotion, advertising and public relations. ? To know the strategy of Pepsi and its competitors regarding the Marketing Mix. ? To know the problems of retailers regarding the trade schemes and consumer offers. ? To identify the retailers opin ion towards Pepsi products. ? To know the problems of retailers and to offer the suggestion for improving in sales. 1. 5 METHODOLOGY Introduction: In this chapter, basically the methodology, by which the report has been prepared, is explained. The exact need for conducting the study and total design of framework of the report prepared is discussed.The limitations of the study are also discussed here. According to the survey beverages can be classified into two segments. The first segment can be done basing on the milk content, like milk based products like tea, coffee, flavoured milk, and health drinks (milk, malt and coco) and the second segment can be done on non-milk products such as soft drinks and mineral water. According to the survey conducted on the consumption of beverages, Tea comprises 90%, filtered coffee 4%, beverages 2%, instant coffee 2% and carbonated soft drinks just above 1% of total consumption. Soft drinks industry is a well known consumer product industry.It ori ginated in the year 1772. In the USA first bottled soda was manufactured, by inventing a machine in 1809, the manufacturing of carbonated soft drink was recorded in the history of soft drink industry. Now a days soft drink industry is growing very extensively and millions of people are consuming soft drinks everyday. Age, income, and climate are not at all a barrier for the consuming soft drinks by the people. This is the reason for the tremendous growth in soft drink market. Data which is required for the analysis and fulfillment of our objectives has been collected from two sources.They are 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is collected from the retailers through a structured questionnaire. It includes the first hand information from the outlets. It can view as a survey. The questionnaire was especially designed to find out the market share of the soft drinks and problems and weakness of Pepsi in that particular area. The chapter deals with main an alysis part of the study and the dealer outlets covered in the study is ? Srikakulam ? Narasannapeta ? Amadalavalasa SECONDARY DATASecondary sources include the information collected from the annual reports, published and unpublished records of the company . various books and journals and internet also being used for collecting the relevant data After gathering the data from those two sources the data was analyzed, tabulated and interpreted and finally suggestions were offered for the betterment of the company. DATA ANALYZING TOOLS: After gathering the data from the Primary and secondary sources the data was analyzed ,tabulated and interpretations were written down with the help of graphs and charts , with the help of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. . 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The present study is subject to the following limitations: ? The sample size is not universal , some part of other cities remained uncovered ? Unavailability of some information due of lack of awareness o f retailers ? Time and expenses were major constraints ? The study of the soft drink industry which is known to be seasonally fluctuating on e percent study does not take into account seasonal fluctuations. The results may not suit for all the seasons ? Personal basis may be existing as the dealer of varied nature elicits the information Chapter-2 Company overview 2. INTRODUCTION In this chapter, an over of all the major accepts related to the study is discussed. The total industry profiles the soft drinks industry globally and in our country. The profile of the company with respect to its operation number of franchises, market share of the company and many other factors would be discussed here. 2. 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE Non alcoholic soft drink beverage market can be divided into fruit drink and soft drink. Soft drinks can be further divided into carbonated and non carbonated drinks. Colas, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non-carbonated drinks.Cola , lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango dinks comes under non-carbonated category. The soft drinks market till early 1990’s was in hands of domestic players like Coke, Thumps Up, Limca etc. but with the opening up of economy and coming of MNC players Pepsi and Cock the market has totally under their control. Worldwide, Cock is the leader in carbonated drinks market. In India it is Pepsi, which scores over cock but this difference is fast decreasing. Pepsi entered Indian market in 1991. Cock re-entered (after they were thrown out in 1977, by then central government) in 1993.Pepsi has been targeting the youth and the sales have been doing well by sticking to this youth segment. Cock on the other hand struggled initially in establishing itself in the market. In a span of 7 years of its operations in the country it changed its CEO four times they seem to have started understanding the pulse of Indian consumers. Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum ca ns and PET bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense thin in disposable containers. SEGMENTATION: The soft drink market can be segmented on the basis of place of consumption and on the basis of type of products.The segmentation on the basis of place of consumption divides the market into three parts: 1. on-permise-80% of the consumption of soft drinks is on premise i. e. restaurants, railway stations, cinemas etc, 2. At-home the rest 20% of the market compromise of the soft drink purchased for consumption at home. The market can also be segmented on the basis of types of products into Cola products and non-cola products. 1. cola products account nearly 62% of the total soft drinks market. The brands that fall in this category are Pepsi, cola, Thumps Up, Diet Pepsi etc. 2. on-cola segment, which constitutes 36%, cam be divide into 4 categories based on the type of flavour available, namely ? Orange ? Cloudy lime ? Clear lime ? Mango I. Orange flavour based soft drinks con stitutes around 17% of the market. The segment is largely dominated by national brands like Fanta of Coca-cola Co. and Mirinda Orange of Pepsi Co. rest of the market is in hands of smaller brands like Crush (earlier Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola), Gold Spot etc. II. Cloudy Lime flavour constitutes 14% of the market and is largely dominated by Limca of Coca Cola and Miranda Lemon of Pepsi Co. III.Clear Lime this segment of the market witnessed good growth initially with all; the players launching their brands in the segment. But now the growth in the segment has slowed down. The brands available in this segment are 7 Up , Mountain dew of Pepsi, Sprite of Coca-Cola and Canada Dry( earlier of Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola). The segment constitutes 3% of the total soft drinks market. IV. Mango flavour segment constitutes 2% of the total soft drinks market and it directly competes with mango based fruit drinks like Fruity. The leading brands in this segment are: Maaza o f Coca Cola and Slice of Pepsi.There is very thin line of difference between the clear and cloudy lime. The most obvious feature is that clear lime has to be bottled in green bottles as sunlight harms the drink and changes the taste. There are some small local brands at city or regional levels. Most of these are either merging with two big players (Coca Cola and Pepsi) or they command a very small –less than 3% of the total market in their respective areas. Soft Drink Production Area: The market preference is highly regional based, while Cola drinks have main market in metro cities and northern states of U. P, Punjab, Haryana, etc†¦Orange flavoured drinks are popular in southern states. Sodas too are sold largely in southern states besides the Bars. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavoured drinks. Growth Promotional Activities in Soft Drink Industry: The government has adopted liberalized for the soft drinks trade to give the industry a boost and promote t he Indian brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Cock is enhanced in India the local brands being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior in Soft Drink Industry: Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse. This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. ? The market is slowly moving from non alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also to plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. ? Consumers purchase soft drinks primarily quench thirst therefore people traveling and not having access to hygienic water reach out for soft drink. This accounts for a large part of the sales. Brand awareness plays a crucial rule in purchase decisions. ? Availability in the chilled from also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions. This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi cooler to retailers. ? Why there is no aversion to consumption of soft drinks buys any age group, the main consumer of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. ? Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years. According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle, upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country. Growth promotional activities in soft drink industry: The government has adopted liberalization for the soft drink trade to give industry a boost and promote the Indian Brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Coke is enhanced in India . The local brands are being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior of soft drink industry: †¢ Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse.This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. †¢ The market is slowly moving from alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. †¢ Consumers purchase soft drinks particularly to quench thirst and therefore on travel not having access to hygienic water reaches out for soft drinks. †¢ Brand awareness plays a vital role in purchase decisions. †¢ Availability in the chilled form also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions.This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi coolers to retailers †¢ Why is there no aversion to consumption of soft drinks to any age group, the main consumers of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. †¢ Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years †¢ According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle ands upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country.Major Players in Soft drinks Industries The two global majors Pepsi and Coca Cola dominate the soft drink market in India. Coca Coal, which would up its operations during the introduction of the FERA regime, reentered India 16 years later in 1993. Coca Cola acquired a major chunk of soft drink market by buying out local brands Thumps up, Limca, Maaza and Gold spot from Pearl beverages, Coca Cola has also acquired Cadbury Schweppes soft drink brands Crush, Canada Dry and Sport Cola in early 1999 and now recently in Oct. 2008 . It acquires distribution rights of these brands from IFB Agro Ltd .Pepsi stated a couple of years before Coca Cola manufactures came up with their own m arket share figures and claimed to have increased their share. Shares Reports On Retailers In Soft Dink Industry: A Survey was conducted to study the retailer’s view of the present market, future trend and the consumer behavior patterns. The findings of the survey are as follows. †¢ Retailers started that the consumers are loyal to the particular segment of the soft drink i. e. Coca Cola, Orange or Lemon. But as for the loyalty for the brands in each segment is concerned, it is not very significant. 43% of the retailers surveyed told that in the soft drink industry advertising is the key component, it drives sales. While 32% stated promotional schemes and 20%brand loyalty as the reason. †¢ As consumers are not very brand loyal where the purchase of the soft drink purchase is concerned, the retailer purchase becomes a critical issue. They usually sell the product in which they get maximum benefit. For this, the companies try to offer them higher margins. While distri butors get the margin of Rs 8-9 per crate (1 crate is equal to 24 bottles) at 3-4% of MRP, retailers are given margin of 10-12 % of MRP.The retailers are not happy with this, as the cost of refrigeration very high for soft drinks to overcome this problem the companies are offering Visi coolers schemes to their main retailers 2. 3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE PEPSI COMPANY MISSION STATEMENT: Pepsi Company’s over all missions is to increase the value of their share holder’s investment. they believe that their commercial success depends up on offering quality and value to their consumers and providing products that are safe, whole some and economically efficient and environmentally sound. Providing a fair return to their investors, while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.HISTORY OF PEPSI AND COCA COLA COMPANY: Pepsi Co Inc. was founded by Donald M. Kendall, President and chief executive officer of Pepsi –Cola and Herman W. Lay, Chairman& Chief executive of FRI TO-LAY through the merger of two companies in the year 1965. MAJOR PRODUCTS OF THE NEW COMPANIES ARE: †¢ Pepsi-Cola company Pepsi-Cola(formulate in 1898) †¢ Diet Pepsi(1964) †¢ Mountain Dew (introduced by T. P corporation 1984) †¢ Frito-Lay Inc brand chips Lays brand potato chips †¢ Cheetos brand chew flavoured snacks †¢ Ruffles brand potato chips & Rold Gold brand pretzels Pepsi Company Inc. s among the most successful consumer products company in the world with: 1998 revenues of over $22 billion &1, 51,000 employees. Pepsi company’s brand names are among the best known & most respected in the world . Some of the Pepsi Company’s brand names are 100 years old. FRITO-LAY Company is the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chip and Tropicana products Inc. is the world’s largest marketer and producer of branded juices. Pepsi Company’s success is the result of †¢ Superior Products. †¢ High Stands of Performances †¢ Distinctive Competitive strategies. †¢ High integrity of its work force PEPSI-COLA COMPANY:Calets Bradham, New Beru and Mc. Druggist who first formulated Pepsi coal founded Pepsi Company’s beverage business at the turn of the century. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-cola products including Diet Pepsi one, Mountain Dew, Slice and mug brands account for nearly 1/3 rd of the total soft drink in United States. Outside U. S Pepsi Cola Company’s soft operations include the business of 7up international. Pepsi-cola beverages are available in about 170 countries. Key Pepsi-cola international market includes Argentina, Brazil, china, India, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom.Pepsi-cola provides advertising, marketing sales and promotion support to the Pepsi-cola bottles. New advertising and existing promotions keep Pepsi-cola young. The company manufacture and sales of the soft drinks are concentrated to the Peps i-cola bottles. †¢ In 1996, Pepsi entered Japan and Eastern Europe. †¢ In 1967, PepsiCo. Stock splits two-for one. In 1986, North America van lines (NAVL), a premier transportation company Pepsi co, and renamed a strong contribution to the Pepsi unit it has divided in 1984. In 1969 in bold modern Pepsi cola packing which was using red, white and blue were introduced.FRITO-LAY introduced fungus brand onion flavoured snacks. In 1970 Pepsi introduces the industry’s first two litter bottles. Pepsi is the first company to respond to consumer preference with light weight, recyclable, plastic bottles. In 1971 Andral E. Pearson was appointed as president of PepsiCo, a position he held until his retirement in 1984. in 1972 don Kendall announced agreement making Pepsi cola the first foreign product sold in U. S. S. R. Pepsi co is given exclusive rights to import Stolichnaya Russian vodka in the U. S.In 1973 and 1974 Pepsi-cola became the first American consumer product to pro duce made and sold in former Soviet Union. In 1975 Pepsi Lite, with destructive lemon taste, is introduced as an alternative to traditional diet colas. In 1976 PepsiCo adopts code of worldwide business conduct. Pepsi-cola became the single largest selling soft drink brands sold in U. S super markets. In 1977 PepsiCo shares spilt up three for one. In 1987 and 1979 the opening of PepsiCo research and technological center in Vallah N. Y PepsiCo reached 85 billion marks in sales. Pepsi was formed to focus on the overseas development of restaurants.In 1981 PepsiCo fitness center was completed, making PepsiCo, one of the most advanced companies in the area of employee’s health and fitness. In 1982 Pepsi free and diet Pepsi free, the first major brands caffeine free colas were introduced. Inauguration of the first Pepsi cola operations in china: In 1983 The Bottler Hall of Fame was established to recognize the achievement and dedication of international bottlers. In 1984 diet Pepsi is reformulated with 100% neutral sweet, slice and diet slice. The first major soft drinks sirucsare added in Mexico.The cola were takes â€Å"one giant spilt for mankind† when a Pepsi â€Å"space can† is successfully tested a brand the span shuttle. 1986 Pepsi company board of directors visit the peoples public of china to make the opening the Pepsi second plant in china. In 1989, Pepsi Company introduce share power stock option program for all employees becoming the first large corporation tool award stock options through virtually all full time employees. In the 1900, Pepsi company was recognized as one of the most admired corporation by the fortune magazine’s top 10 for the two successive years.Pepsi signs the largest commercial trade agreement in history with the Soviet Union expecting sales in the USSR to double by the end of the century. Pepsi re-entered the Indian market in collaboration with Punjab Agro industries Corporation (PAIC). In 1991 Pepsi compa ny named one of the fortune magazine’s top most admired corporations, for the third year in also. Pepsi co. purchased an equity position in the carts of Coloreds Inc. the leading manufacturer and marketer of mobile merchandising equipment. It was sold in 1955. 1993 Pepsi Cola began the distribution of Lipton’s line of ready to drinks teas nationwide. n 1996 Pepsi started its website WWW. Pepsi. com SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PEPSICOLA COMPANY: As a consumer products company, Pepsi Company does not have the major environmental problems of heavy industry. Their biggest environment challenge is packaging generated by their products. Packaging is important to public and a critical component of the distribution system is to deliver products to consumers and commercial establishment. To meet both consumer demand and safe guard the environment, they recycle, re-use and reduce packaging wherever possible.Each business is also committed to responsible use of resources required in manufacturing their products. LOGOS OF THE COMPANY [pic] 2. 4 ABOUT PEPSI INDIA COMPANY Franchise (pearl Bottling Pvt. Ltd. ,) Often new flavours are to be added to the product line of cool drinks to prevent a competitor. To establish a relation with retailers it is desirable to sell more than one flavor of cool drinks. To decrease the security seasonal products are added to the resources available so as to lessen its risks. Pepsi has given the franchise of Visakhapatnam region to Pearl Beverages which belongs to Pearl Group with Head quarters at Delhi and Mr.C. K. Jaipuria as the chairman and the Managing Director of the group. Pepsi Foods Ltd. , declared Krishna Mohan Beverages and Constructions as franchise, in 1992. Last year it was changed to Pearl Beverages was taken by the Pearl Group. Campa-cola Soft Drinks has originally owned the premises since 1980 at Madhurawada. After the insolvency of campa-cola, KMBC purchased the premises in1990 in the auction by APSFC. Initially, i t used to produce Mc. Dowell’s soda and Bagpiper soda. It produced these drinks under franchise agreements but company could not exist in the market due to stiff competition from pearl products.Description and Launch of products |Brand name |Flavour |Date | |Pepsi |Cola |April-1992 | |Mirinda |Orange |April-1992 | |7 Up |Clear Lemon |April-1992 | |Mirinda Lime |Cloudy Lemon |April-1992 | |Soda |Soda |April-1992 | Pepsi |Pepsi Dite |7 Up |Mirinda(o) |Mirinda(L) |Slice |Evervess soda | |Coca-cola |Cock Dite |Sprite |Fanta |Limca |Maaza |Kinleys | Pepsi market share: Pepsi : 47% Coca-cola : 53% Pepsi foods (Pvt. ) Ltd. Pepsi cola was in India from 1956 to 1961. it left this country, as its products were not found acceptable to the Indian market. Pepsi foods Ltd. Joint venture between Pepsi Co. nternational of US(which is holding 40% of the equity)and Tata concerns Voltas and the Punjab Ago industries Corporation (each of which have as round 25% of the equity),has 25%of its outpu t reserved for beverages with a 50% export commitment fo9r fruit and vegetable products. According to Pepsi officials the project guarantees that for every American dollar the company takes out of India, it will bring five back. They started concentrated factory in Punjab. This company named as Pepsi Foods Ltd. Pepsi Co. international’s direct investments in India so far amounts to Rs. 65 corer. Two thirds of this however has gone into food processing. Pepsi foods are exporting fruits and vegetables to UK etc. The Pepsi’s foods processing unit directly supervised 1,200 hectors under tomato cultivation covering 183 villages and 319 farmers. The company’s technical inputs enabled the farmer to achieve a yield of 35 to 50 tones a hector against the average of was after discontinuing teems. KMBC Pvt. Ltd. Has was the bottle for five districts Vizag, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, and East Godavari & West Godavari.It receives the stock from Cuttack. PRODUCT PROFILE The Pe psi Co. is known for the development and introduction of world-class brands & products. Their portfolio is organized into three core business, which consists of snacks, Beverages and Restaurants. Pepsi products are constantly changing themselves to develop new products. They encourage consumer to explore their wide range of brands. Main objectives: The objectives of the company set out in memorandum of association and franchise agreements are as follows: ?To manufacturing soft drinks by concentrating supplied by Pepsi Foods. ? To market and advertise within specified areas for Pepsi products. ? To sell soft drinks at fixed prices. financial structure: To start and operate business, any company has to invest its capital in fixed assets and floating assets and also in meeting the daily requirements of the company. However, depending on the nature of business and product being offered by the company, the ratio of investment of capital in fixed and floating assets differ. Working Capita l:It means capital required for daily management of the company eg. Wages, salaries, canteen expenses and transportation expenses etc Plant layout: the machine and equipment have been imported from Germany, which are arranged in the plant according to the sequence of operation. All the operations are carried on a continuous movement. The reasons for choosing the product layout are: 1. There is continuous supply of material. 2. The brands are all standardized products. 3. The demand for the product brands is reasonable stable. 4.The volume of production is adequate for the reasonable utilization of equipment. Since the company follows continuous operation movement, the cost of material handling goes low. The total floor space required by the machine is less than other types of plant layouts. Plant Capacity: The company installed latest up to date automatic plant conforming to plant layout. The installed production capacity is 400 bottles per minutes i. e. 24,000 bottles per day. The plant also is having 100 bottles per 1-leter line. During off-season the plant runs one shift.The company has to produce enough bottles of soft drinks at a speed to keep in space with the disappearance of soft drinks form shelves of the retailer. Production Schedule: The production schedule is fixed by taking into consideration. ? The present or current market demand. ? The availability of empty bottles. ? The inventory position filled bottles of different flavors. The production schedule for each brand is fixed daily, filling the bottles of each branded flavors. This has an advantage in manufacturing the branded product is one at a time. Quality control Pearl Beverages Pvt.Ltd. takes great care to maintain the quality control of the products in their factory. The Bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out. Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygiene condition. The chemical analysis is al so made for flavors, gas content and sugar percentages. The appearance, smell and taste of the products are also checked. If any defects are noticed, the production is suspended and the correcting measures are taken so as to set right the bottling process irregularities.Further, samples from each batch are dispatched to the affiliated parent agency company in each week for quality checkup. Moreover, agency of the company also lifts sample form the market at the random for quality checkup at any time to make sure that the quality is maintained to the exact standard of the parent company. At the end of the production schedule, daily all the equipment floor and wet patches are cleaned with bleaching powder or some other solution. The standards of hygiene maintained inside the production shops are commendable. Organization Structure and management:The word organization has two common meanings. The meaning signifies an institution or function as group and the second meaning refers to the process of organizing the way of work which is arranged and allocated among members often organization so that the goal of the organization can be achieved efficiently. The organizing involves balancing the companies. Needs both for stability on one hand and change on the other hand, an organization structure means adopting a change or it can be a source of resistance to change. There are mainly five elements of organization structure. ? Specialization of activities. Standardization of activities. ? Coordination of activities. ? Centralization and decentralization of deviation making. ? Size of the work unit. The M. D, Mr. Ruchirans Jaipuria is athe head of the organization and administration. The company is managed by able director, and is assisted by a team of well-qualified & experience senior management personnel. LIST OF THE EMPLOYEES IN PEARL BOTTELIGN COMPANY The following table shows the description of employees along with designation & no. of employees: |S. No |Description |No. f employees | |1 |GENERAL MANAGER (FINANCE) |1 | |2 |COMMERCIAL MANAGER |1 | |3 |MARKETING DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |4 |VICE PRESIDENT |1 | |5 |TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |4 | |6 |ACCOUNTS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |7 |TRAINING MANAGER |1 | |8 |ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER |1 | |9 |MARKET EQUIPMENT MANAGER |1 | |10 |PRODUCTION MANAGER |1 | |11 |ASST.PERSONAL MANAGER |1 | |12 |STORE EXECUTIVES |3 | |13 |CUSTOMER CENTRAL EXECUTIVE |25 | |14 |TERRITORY C0-ORDINATOR |1 | |15 |ROUTE AGENT |50 | |16 |SALES TRAINEE |1 | |17 |CHEMIST |3 |18 |ACCOUNTANTS |5 | |19 |SUPERVISOR |8 | |20 |CLERKS |8 | |21 |OPERATORS |10 | |22 |ELECTRICIANS |10 | |23 |FITTERS |3 | |24 |COMPUTER CUM TELEPHONE OPERATORS |12 | |25 |SECURITY OFFICER |1 | |26 |SECURITY GUARDS |6 | |27 |OFFICE BOYS |13 | |28 |SWEEPERS & HELPERS |3 | CHAPTER-3 Theoretical Framework 3. 1 INTRODUCTION The main part of the report i. e. Analysis part is covered in this chapter. I did survey in 300 outlets in 3 various areas. After conducting the survey I interpreted the total collected information using a structured questionnaire. The required information is derived from that interpretation and analysis. This analysis part contains tables and pie charts. We can come to a conclusion from the final information from this chapter. Because of that reason this chapter is very important in the entire study of the project. Without this interpretation we can conclude the total survey and also can not understand the position of any company and the opinion of the customers regarding the company. 3. 2 DETAILS OF THE AREA SURVEY CONDUCTED Details of the survey conducted: The total data collected in three areas in Srikakulam district of total of 300 retail outlets.They are given below: |CLUSTER |SAMPLE SIZE |AREA | |Cluster-1 |130 |Srikakulam | |Cluster-2 |90 |Amadalavalasa | |Cluster-3 |80 |Narasannapeta | I started my survey first at Srikakulam on 4/02/09 and my study completed on 18/02/09 with Amadalavalasa. I pe rsonally went to every outlet and asked the total details of which are in the questionnaire and filled those things. Some of the retailers denied giving the details and I waited there with patience and collected all the data. In my survey I learned a lot and collected the useful information and also got good experience in the market field and came to know many things which are not in our books through this survey.I almost covered all the retail outlets which are situated in these areas and collected the correct information. 3. 3 INTERPRETATION OF THE SURVEY [TABLES AND GRAPHS] 1. Pepsi & Cock Brands Available In Various Markets: |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Cock | |1. |Srikakulam |5 |6 | |2. |Amadalavalasa |5 |5 | |3. |Narasannapeta |5 |7 | [pic] Average Pepsi & Cock brands Available in the market: Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |5 | |Coca-Cola |6 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 retail outlets in 3 areas, I found 5 brands of Pepsi out of its 10 brands and 6 Brands of Coke is availa ble out of its 10 Brands on average. So the brand availability of Coke is more when compared to Pepsi.Top brands Available in Srikakulam Market: |S. No |Brands |Percentage | |1. |Slice |46 | |2. |Mirinda |24 | |3. |Sprite |20 | |4. |Limca |10 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Amadalavalasa Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |46 | |2 |7 Up |24 | |3 |Sprite |17 | |4 |Thumps Up |13 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Narasannapeta Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |42 | |2 |Sprite |26 | |3 |7 Up |18 | |4 |Slice |14 | 2. No of Bottles Sold Per Day in Various Markets: | |Srikakulam |Amadalavalasa |Narasannapeta | |Pepsi |52 |45 |42 | |Coke |44 |35 |50 | pic] 3. No of Bottles sold per Day: |Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |45 | |Coke |55 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets in three areas I found Pepsi is occupying 55% and the Coke is occupying 44% in the total market in average.From this we can understand that the Pepsi sales are more when co mpared to Coke. 4. Service required to the retail outlets: |S. No |Market |Daily |Alternative Days |Weekly Twice | |1 |Srikakulam |63 |25 |12 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |27 |24 | |3 |Narasannapeta |55 |36 |9 | Service Required in Average: Types of Services |Average Service Required from the Companies | |Daily |55 | |Alternative Days |30 | |Weekly Twice |15 | [pic] INTERPRETATION: In my observation of 300 outlets in three areas I found that 55% of the retailers want the daily service, 30% retailers want Alternative Days and the remaining 15% of the retailers want the service weekly twice. 5.Satisfaction of Pepsi Service |S. No |Market |Good |Satisfactory |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |60 |40 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |65 |30 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |70 |28 |2 | Satisfaction of Coke Service |S.N0 |Market |Good |Satisfaction |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |45 |50 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |40 |55 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |45 |50 |5 | Service Satisfaction of Pepsi and Coke in Average: |Brand |Good Satisfaction |Ba d | |Pepsi |65 |33 |2 | |Coke |43 |52 |5 | INTERPRETATION: INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets I found that 65% of the retailers expressed good in case of Pepsi and 43% incase of Coke. 33% in the case of Pepsi and 52% in case of Coke expressed satisfactory and finally remaining retailers expressed bad to the service of the companies. 6. Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Various Markets |S.No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |41 |59 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |51 | |3 |Narasannapeta |41 |59 | Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Average Brands |Trade Schemes | |Pepsi |44 | |Coke |56 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above pie chart we can understand that 56% of the traders expressed their happiness towards the schemes of the Coca-Cola and the remaining 44% traders expressed their happiness towards Pepsi company in case of their trade schemes. 7.Consumer Promotions offered by both Companies |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |61 |39 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |57 |43 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Consumer Promotions offered in Average Brand |Consumer Promotion | |Pepsi |59 | |Coke |41 | INTERPRETATION: In providing consumer promotion by way of giving the prizes to the consumers and other ways to promote the sales, Pepsi was able to attracted 59% of the retailers with its promotional schemes. In case of Coke it attracted the remaining 41% of the retailers by their consumer promotional schemes and activities. 8. Is T. V Adds help to increase the sale of Soft Drinks |S.No |Market |Yes |No | |1 |Srikakulam |74 |26 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |51 |49 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Amount of people saying T. V ads help increase in Sale, in Average | |T.V Add helps the increase in sales | |Yes |62 | |N0 |38 | INTERPRETATION: The above chart shows the opinions of the retailers that weather T. V ads will help to increase the sale of the soft drinks. In this 62% of the retailers expressed positively and the remaining 38% retailers expressed negatively to this question. 9. Comparison of 2007-2008 sales S. No |Market |Good |Less |Same | |1 |Srikakulam |55 |40 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |30 |63 |7 | |3 |Narasannapeta |40 |48 |12 | Comparison of 2007-2008 sales in average Opinion |Good |Less |Same | |No of outlets in average |42 |50 |8 | INTERPRETATION: In the above chart the opinions of the retailers were given. From that 42% of the retailers expressed the view of good increase in the sale by2008 when compared to 2007. 50%of the retailers expressed the view of less increase in the sale and the remaining 8% of the retailers expressed the view of the same sales and there is no increase in the sales. 10. The Percentage Of Juice Based Soft Drinks In Total Sales |S.No |Market Area |30% |20% |10% | |1 |Srikakulam |30 |33 |37 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |29 |34 |37 | |3 |Narasannapeta |34 |32 |34 | Juice Based Soft Drinks In Average | |30% |20% |10% | |Result |31 |33 |36 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above chart we can understand that the demand for the juice based soft drinks is increasing rapidly. For that the companies better to concentrate on the juice based soft drinks introducing and their sales. 11.Pepsi Visi coolers and other coolers available in the Market |S. No |Market |Pepsi cooler |Cock+ other coolers | |1 |Srikakulam |32 |68 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |21 |79 | |3 |Narasannapeta |31 |69 |Pepsi & Coke Visi Coolers Available in Average | |Pepsi Visi Coolers |Cock Visi cooler+ Own cooler | |Average of Outlets |28 |72 | INTERPRETATION: In the areas where I did my survey I found 28% of the retailers are using the Pepsi Visi Coolers and the remaining 72% of the retailers are using the Coke and Other coolers. From this we can suggest that Pepsi have to increase their Visi Coolers supply. 12. Why retailers keep other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers |S.No |Market Area |Electricity Bill |No Own Cooler | |1 |Srikakulam |35 |65 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |58 |42 | |3 |Narasannapeta |56 |44 | Why other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers in Average |S.No |Electricity Bill |No own cooler | |1 |49 |51 | INTERPRETATION: When I did the survey I observed that many of the retailers are keeping the other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers and they gave some sort of explanation for that. In those reasons 49% of the retailers said Electricity bill is the problem and the remaining 51% of the retailers said that they don’t have their own coolers. They should be restricted. 13.Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Various Markets |S. no |Market |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |1 |Srikakulam |18 |10 |59 |13 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |12 |11 |56 |21 | |3 |Narasannapeta |19 |18 |39 |24 | Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Average Opinion |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |Avg % of outlets |16 |13 |51 |20 | INTERPRETATION: In the above pie chart the consumption of soft drinks mostly by four categories. 51% of the total consumption is by All People, 20% by the Youth, 15% by the Male and the remaining 13% is consumed by the Female. We c an say that the consumption of soft drinks by the youth is increasing. 14. Soft Dinks Supply To The Retail Outlets [Cash Or Credit] |S.No |Market |Pepsi Cash |Pepsi Credit |Coke Cash |Coke Credit | |1 |Srikakulam |100 |0 |100 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |100 |0 |100 |0 | |3 |Narasannapeta |100 |0 |100 |0 | INTERPRETATION: From the above pie cart we can understand that both the Pepsi and Coke companies are not providing any credit to the retailers. All the retailers are purchasing the soft drinks on cash only. 15. Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home and at Shop |S. No |Market |At Shop |At Home | |1 |Srikakulam 80 |20 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |70 |30 | |3 |Narasannapeta |75 |25 | Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home & at Shop In Avg. |S. No |At Shop |At Home | |1 |75 |25 | INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can understand that in the areas I did the survey 75% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at the Shops and the remaining 25% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at Home. Chapter-4 SUMMARY, FIND INGS & SUGGESTIONS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION The chapter contains Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions. Basing on the results of the survey Suggestions are given to improve the potentials and the market share of the company in the soft drinks field. The total findings are prepared by the survey information collected in the various places in Srikakulam district. I did the comparative study between the top two brands in the field of soft drinks sector those are Pepsi and Coke.The information is base on the two brand comparison and in my view these are useful to the company to improve its performance and can get good sales as well as good market share in the field of Soft Drinks. These are all my sincere findings and suggestions to the company. FINDINGS 1) The company is maintaining the quality of the products and it has good quality control Dept. 2) Now a day because of changing the food habits the soft drinks are added to their food habits. 3) Pepsi soft drinks are occupying more than half of the soft drinks market. 4) The demand for the fruit based soft drinks is go on increasing and they occupied the top selling drinks position. ) Sales promotion activities taken by the Pepsi Company is good as per the retailer’s opinion when compared to coke. 6) The Pepsi Company’s supply of drinks is good but they are not providing the sufficient drinks to the outlets. 7) The No. of Visi coolers in the market is less when compared to the Coke Company. 8) Some of the retailers are placing the other products also in the company c