Executive Compensation Package, Stock Options - 3300 Words

Executive compensation packages have been used both successfully and unsuccessfully to solve the principal-agent problem facing corporations these days. In this study, we focus on a specific element of an executive compensation package, stock options. The use of stock options as a form of senior executive compensation has been studied extensively to be a testament to the success of it’s ability to realign executive with shareholder interests. However, as the study reveals, prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, there were many problems with the usage of stock options within corporations that had a weak corporate governance structure. Problems included executive’s incentives to focus on short run profit, take on risky business strategies, and manipulations (legal and illegal) to fulfill executive self-interests. While it is difficult to measure the true effect of stock option’s influence on executive performance and behaviors, we see that the problems with stock option usage far outweigh the benefits of stock options prior to the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In the ideal corporate governance system, the definition of a good senior management executive is one that takes into consideration shareholders’ needs above his own. They work diligently to run the corporation both on a day to day basis and to ensure its success in the long run. However, there are often many incentives that disalign the interests between the shareholders (principal) and executivesShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Executive Compensation And Non Monetary Benefits1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe term compensation refers to all forms of financial returns and tangible benefits that employees receive in exchange for their time, talents, efforts, performance, and results (Bernardin, 2013). Executive compensation is defined as the financial payments and non-monetary benefits provided to high level management in exchange for their work on behalf of an organization. The types of employees that are typically paid with executive compensation packages include corporate pres idents, chief executiveRead MoreThe Relationship Between Executive Compensation And Firm Performance1399 Words   |  6 Pages INTRODUCTION The relationship between executive compensation and firm performance is a topic of major concern amongst academics, professionals, and regulators. In an effort to identify a relationship between executive pay and firm performance, scholars have conducted research since 1925 and have established that compensation packages are the primary means of incentivizing managers to achieve certain financial targets or goals. These goals include certain performance measures that can be brokenRead MoreExecutive Officer Chief Executive Officers1692 Words   |  7 PagesChief Executive Officers (which will be referred to as CEOs for the remainder of this paper) is arguably the most prestigious position an individual can hold in the business world. There is no disputing the high level of responsibility necessary to manage the operations and resources of any company, while also being the key figure between the company’s board of directors and the stakeholders which are effected as a result of the company’s actions. Despite the high level of responsibility, it is worthRead MoreUs Auto Industry Back on Top1658 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Executive compensation has been at the forefront of discussion for a long period of time. Analyzed by academics, highlighted by the media, questioned by Congress, and scrutinized by the general public, the topic warrants much debate. In the 1990’s, total executive compensation increased substantially as companies began offering stock option programs; CEO’s of Samp;P 500 saw an average increase of 150%. While many top U.S. executives continued to receive enormous compensation options throughoutRead MoreExecutive Compensation: the Ethical and Impact Challenge1629 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Compensation: The Ethical and Impact Challenge                              Executive Compensation: The Ethical and Impact Challenge Executive compensation is defined as the reward given to corporate executive employees for their job performance. Corporate executive employees are the higher echelon company employees and may include the chief financial officersRead MoreEvaluating The Driving Force Of A Corporation s Success Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesinterests are maintained through executive compensation packages that engage managers and executives to perform with regard to the best interests of shareholders. These executives are being incentivized through bonuses in the form of huge bonuses, stock options and awards. Many believe these rewards have become obscene and are in no way reflective of executive level performance. History of Executive Compensation Levels Looking back 50 years, chief executives were making approximately 20 timesRead MoreSally Jameson Essays613 Words   |  3 PagesProfessor: Lal, Chugh Sally Jameson A. Value of each individual compensation package Stock Option Compensation In order to forecast the value of the stock option package, determining the call price is initially. There are two approaches to calculate the call price for each option, black-scholes and binominal pricing. In addition, the current stock price, exercise price, time of option, annualized interest rate, and the riskiness of the stock are the inputs for either approach. In the market, the currentRead MoreName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health946 Words   |  4 PagesName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health This case study is about a student Monroe davies who is in his second year at Harvard Business school and Jim Hummer who is the CEO of a company named Whole Health Management. Jim has met Monroe before and knows that Monore is interested in entering the whole health management. Jim has asked Monroe to design a compensation package for himself as Director Business Operations because Jim wanted to assess how Monroe reacts when faced byRead MoreName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health940 Words   |  4 PagesName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health This case study is about a student Monroe davies who is in his second year at Harvard Business school and Jim Hummer who is the CEO of a company named Whole Health Management. Jim has met Monroe before and knows that Monore is interested in entering the whole health management. Jim has asked Monroe to design a compensation package for himself as Director Business Operations because Jim wanted to assess how Monroe reacts when faced by unexpectedRead MoreReport on in a World of Pay944 Words   |  4 PagesJurgen Mehr, is irritated about the salary demands of the American executive he wants to hire. She would be a brilliant catch. But the salary she wants is nearly as much as Mehrs. Renate Schmidt is now in trouble with this matter. She is in dilemma to take decision of making compensation package for Anne Prevost. Since 1996, Typware has ventured aggressively into international markets. The consultants who helped negotiate compensation for overseas employees’ recommended variable standards depending

The First Jewish Diaspora - 1490 Words

The word Diaspora in Greek means dispersion. The Jewish Diaspora had three main periods to it: the Babylonian exile, the Hellenistic dispersion, and the Roman War (R. Sands, 1). The Jewish Diaspora began in 586 BCE when the Jews were deported from their motherland, Judea, as a result of shifts of power and war (R. Sands, 1). After this came the Hellenistic part of the Diaspora which was the voluntary movement of the Jews. In the Roman War, Jews were again forced to leave their homeland after the Romans destroyed their temple again for a second time. Despite these hardships, however, the Jewish people never forgot about God and His promises for His people. They believed that these things had to happen because they had been prophesized. The†¦show more content†¦The 3rd part of the Diaspora was probably the worst. Starting in 6 CE, the Romans ruled Judea. Gradually, King Herod took away many Jewish traditions such as blowing the Shofar during Rosh Hashanah (R. Sands, 1). Finall y, after 50 years of this, the four year war between the Jews and the Romans began. By 70 CE, the second temple of Jerusalem had been destroyed by the Romans under King Titus. After this destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, most of the Jewish population there was left scarce as most of the Jews had died or fled. When the temple was destroyed in 70 CE the period of the second exile began. This time, the Romans exiled the Jewish people just as the Babylonians had done before. However, during most of the period of this second exile, there have always been some Jews living in Jerusalem (The Destruction). The Jewish people had not completely left Jerusalem, nor had the forgotten about their temple which had been destroyed twice now. When the four-year battle was over in 119 CE, the Jews went back to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple once again (R. Sands, 1). During both exiles, the Jewish people never forgot about God. They did believe that these things had to happen because they were w ritten in scriptures in the Bible, and they had to be fulfilled. The Jewish people held on to God, believing that no matter how evil the king, no matter how sinful the people, the word of God to His prophets was never a word of despair, neverShow MoreRelatedThe Study of Hebrew Diaspora1669 Words   |  7 Pagesclassic example of diaspora, the Hebrew Diaspora is studied and questioned by many. Both the causes of and the consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora are two aspects of the event that, for most, have yet to be sufficiently answered. Having occurred many centuries ago in the past, the causes and consequences of the diaspora may seem to be of no importance, yet at second glance, one realizes that addressing these topics may be the key to accurately determining the modern effects of diaspora in general. HoweverRead MoreAs I have shown, throughout his essays, Gordon establishes a narrative of the past in the Diaspora1200 Words   |  5 PagesGordon establishes a narrative of the pa st in the Diaspora which is distinctly negative, drawing on images of the Jewish people as passive and parasitic, alienated from nature and labor and accordingly without a living culture. Through his ideology, Gordon establishes an idea of the perfect relationship between people, nature and labor; a relationship that must be withheld in order for a people to be a living, creative culture. Gordon asserts that the Jewish people have been kept apart from the naturalRead MoreDiaspor Jews Amidst Greeks And Romans1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiaspora: Jews amidst Greeks and Romans by Erich S. Gruen describes Jewish life during the Diaspora and the positive things that emerged from the period. Erich Gruen was a full-time professor at University of California at Berkeley, Harvard University, University of Colorado at Boulder, and Cornell University. Gruen has also done immense research about the classic antiquity era and has penned several books about Hellenism, Judaism in the classic world, and the Roman Republic period. Jews are oftenRead MoreThe Hebrew Diaspora998 Words   |  4 Pagespersecute, exile, and threaten the existence of the Hebrew community. The Diaspora was definitely not a single event taking place over the course of one night, it was rather a series of dispersals by varying groups of people continuing up to the present time. The Diaspora resulted in the spread of the Hebrew population along with their culture and beliefs, which ultimately strengthened the Hebrew community. The Hebrew Diaspora was a forced movement of Hebrews as a direct result of racial prejudiceRead MoreSocial Implications and Consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora1576 Words   |  6 Pages The reason for consequences for the Hebrew diaspora vary in 3 different main points. The first main point is social implications or what does everyone think. The second main point is the consequences in the Hebrew diaspora and the last point is the benefits of the Hebrew diaspora. When I chose my question I had to choose something that was interesting to me. Now not too many things interest me but I was able to find something that helped. History has shown us a lot of things and also teaches aRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Temple Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the destruction of the Temple in A.D. 70, Jewish practices had their own meaning. In The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia it states, Israel s chosenness consists of this special designation and the task that accompanies it. God promises the land of Canaan to Israel as their homeland, the place in which the Temple will be built and sacrificial worship of God carried out. The holy days were the Sabbath, Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkoth; and circumcision, dietary laws, and laws pertaining toRead MoreDuring The Iron Age Between 590-529 B.c1415 Words   |  6 Pagesand breaking down into smaller regional powers, the Egyptians, the Medes, the Lydians, and the New Babylonians (Making Europe 51). Along with these new regional powers, was the kingdom of Persia, which was established around 700 B.C.E., and for the first 150 years of the Persian Kingdom, the Persian Kings were vassals of the Medes (Making Europe 53). In 553 B.C.E., the Persians began to revolt against the Medes and finally defeated them in 550 B.C.E., which marked the beginning of the Persian EmpireRead MoreThe Peace Of The Jewish Diaspora Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagessocial order and political status within foreign lands. Once the Jewish Diaspora began in 500 BCE, this is when the Jews officially became a communal minority group. It is also referred to as the dispersing of Jews from Israel to foreign lands where they created autonomy and social tolerance. During this time, the Jews were viewed as economic advisors who generated wealth for the non-Jewish leaders (Glick,162). Therefore, non-Jewish leaders in foreign lands, such as Spain, adapted social order withRead MoreEssay on The Old Testament1397 Words   |  6 PagesGod† (NIV Isaiah 40:1) While Judaism and the doctrines and texts had many violent moments, there were also peaceful resolutions for many of the stories, and within the laws of the Jews, even when it came to those outside the traction. While some Jewish law called for the elimination of evil, which may have referred to those who were worshipping idols, or who held power over the tribal people, there were also ways of dealing with these issues which required peace from the people who were consideredRead MoreThe Reform Movement: From Classical Reform to the Present 1141 Words   |  5 Pages Reform Judaism started as a response to the Enlightenment that occurred in the late 17th and the early 18th century. The Jewish people needed to determine how to best combine new ideologies with their religious practices. The Jewish people suddenly had a new, non-Jewish world that they could be apart of. Some started to lose interest in religion. The Reform Judaism movement was created to adapt to these changes in society. The movement’s fundamental belief was that religious change is good (Kaplan

Competing Internationally for Development - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompeting Internationally for Research and Development. Answer: Research and development to increase competitiveness The countries use exports to accumulate wealth and increase employment opportunities. However, employing research and development (RD) and innovation export can accelerate productivity to improve on export. The paper establishes positive relationship between RD and export in Belgium; the authors found out that firms engaging in RD are able to stimulate productivity growth and export. This is because RD lead to innovation for firms to create new products or develop new product to gain competitive advantage and thus compete effectively in international market (Czarnitzki and Wastyn, (2010). Research and development is also important factor for innovativeness in organization to enhance competition among firms in a given industry. According to Czarnitzki and Wastyn, (2010), RD is critical for stimulating exports to improve economy of countries. In their study, they found out that subsidy on RD help both domestic and multinational companies to increase their sales in international market. This is due to improved quality of products that can favorably compete in the international market. The research and development can be applied to real life situation at personal level and businesswise. I personally look forward to developing skills relating to my profession. One can engage in research at personal level by seeking opportunities to help in developing skills and knowledge. The real life application of RD for increasing competitiveness is through self-assessment on strengths and weaknesses. The skills can then be improved through training, pursuing further education or attending seminars and conferences. The current competitive environment has forced organizations to invest in research and development to continually help employees attain their full potential (Porter Kramer, 2002). In order to increase employee engagement, the managers are inspiring workers to develop qualities such as building teamwork, accountability, creativity, intrinsic motivation and being assertive (De Vries, 2001). This helps in creating a pool of highly skilled and motivated employees in an organization that enhances overall productivity and efficiency. Another second real life application of RD is assessing customers needs about product and service. Through market research, entrepreneurs are able to gain in-depth information about customers preferences, needs and perception to initiate customer-focus activities to enhance customer satisfaction and retention. There are immense problems facing humanity including food insecurity, pollution, emerging diseases and psychological problems. Research and development help researchers to develop approaches to stop spread and effects of diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS and lifestyle diseases among others. It also helps policy makers to institute measures to manage climate change that has greatly contributed to global warming and threat to biodiversity. Currently, science is trying to solve food shortage by engaging in research to develop transgenic crops with advantageous traits including resistance to pest, diseases and drought (Schmidhuber Tubiello, 2007). It can therefore be concluded that research and development has great contribution towards solving major human problems. This is because it helps in developing new products and process or modify existing products. It is important to note that motivation of employees help in enhancing their creativity and innovativeness. It is also recommended that financial assistance and investment on research can greatly push growth of industries to solve unemployment. References Czarnitzki, D., Wastyn, A. (2010). Competing internationally: on the importance of RD for export activity. Porter, M. E., Kramer, M. R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard business review, 80(12), 56-68. De Vries, M. F. K. (2001). Creating authentizotic organizations: Well-functioning individuals in vibrant companies. Human Relations, 54(1), 101-111. Schmidhuber, J., Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Global food security under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(50), 19703-19708.

Lenovos It Market Competition free essay sample

Abstract In recent years, competition in the IT market economy has turned fierce. To survive in the competition, all organizations need to be fully aware of the prevailing business environment and also to ensure that their product(s) conform to the customers expectations as the taste and choice of the customer changes rapidly over time. Leno has utilized unique competitive marketing strategy over the years to achieve rapidly increasing share of the IT market. Lenos major strengths lie in its current brand image and market share. Its products are reliable, durable and of high quality, UT there is always a great deal of threat from leading competitors in the market. Recent weakening of the US economy and falling dollar value are other irritants to Lenos growth. Leno and its competing rivals For businesses to understand adequately the nature of the competition they face, they must define their market accurately by recognizing a broad base of its competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Lenovos It Market Competition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Analysis of marketing research data so collected indicate that all organizations need to be in touch with their business market environment and feel the pulse and ever changing expectations of customers. Major dominating competitors of Lenos Personal Computers division are Hewlett-Packard and Dell who account for 21% and 54% respectively of the international corporate market. The strategy is to develop latest PCs that are efficient, light in weight with latest features and of course with low competing price. There is cut throat competition in the market. With innovativeness, entrepreneurial spirit and teamwork across various cultures, Leno captured the global market of its competitors and positioned itself within a short life span as a next generation global company of PCs. Leno: Innovations per excellence Innovation is how Leno achieves competitive differentiation and drives new market product opportunities, such as mobile internet, digital home and cloud computing. To outperform its competitors Leno has recently launched it new and improved Thinking. Its interesting to note that Lenos legendary Thinking is the laptop currently certified for use on the International Space Station. This ultimate machine has undergone extreme testing to qualify for flight-approved duties to the liking of astronauts who rely on its speed, power and performance. Lenos continuing global expansion is fraught with fierce competition and if it fails to meet the customers expectations of tomorrow, it will not have smooth sailing. Lenos ability to bring world-class science and engineering to the global marketplace is largely boosted from the existing global network of its founding partners: MM, Intel, Microsoft, Symantec and Landers. In order to expand their global share, Leno has recently opened innovation centers in growing economies like China, India, Hong Kong, Japan and Brazil among others to name a few. Apart from its state of art innovations and cutting edge technological leaps, in order to stay competitive it will have to be cost competitive, with low environmental impact (CEO-friendly) and at the same time maintain its ethical business standards amongst its stakeholder. Further, in order to outdo its rivals, it will have to continuously improve upon its marketing strategies across various demographer nice sectors and geographic regions. Marketing goals The ultimate goal of Leno is to improve its overall experience of PC ownership through its well documented trust and integrity, team work and globally competitive innovatory entrepreneurial skills. Leno has long-term goal of becoming the leading personal technology company in the world. They are set to achieve this goal by leading in three key areas: personal computers, convergence, and culture. They want to lead the industry with an ecosystem of devices, services, application and content for people and become the best recognized and most trusted company to work for and do business with. SOOT Analysts Lenos major strengths lie in its current brand image due to its superior reputation for high quality products and its continuing innovation in the high-end products like the Thinking XSL Carbon. In addition, their in-house manufacturing allows them to lower their cost which leads to a more competitive position for a price war against their competition. Their knowledge about the local market, strong research development team, mass manufacturing capability and quick responsiveness gives them a competitive edge. Although Leno strides in its top of the line customer service, one of its major weaknesses is their poor global brand perception and their limited knowledge of global market. In general, its team has less market knowledge than local experienced players like HP and Dell in the US market. With low marginal costs and a wide product range, Leno has the opportunity to become a one-stop powerhouse in the market. With increasing global demand of personal computers technology, there is heavy competition among other rivals. Everyone wants to have a portion of others progress, so there are software piracy issues and cloning of products that slows the companys growth. Also, the weakness of the US economy and dropping value of the dollar might pose a threat to Lenos growth. In order for them to do well among other competitors they would need to select he right distribution channel (direct instead of traditional), and change their strategy of product model according to the segmentations, and focus on price strategy for different segmentations.