Disaster Management Essay

There four periods of development arranging including alleviation, readiness, reaction and recreation. Alleviation stage includes endeavors made by the charged administration and the network all in all to keep any known and predictable peril from forming into a ruinous catastrophe. It additionally includes lessening the impacts related with the event of a debacle. Accordingly, this stage is not the same as all others as it includes advancement of long haul measures and techniques helpful for maintaining a strategic distance from and decreasing dangers in a general public. At the point when alleviation measures are applied after a catastrophe has happened, they can be considered as a piece of the recuperation procedure. Relief techniques can be auxiliary as in they utilize the current innovation or they can be non-basic, for example, enactment, protection or land use arranging. It is this stage the greater part of the endeavors of rise supervisors ought to be focused as this can help in staying away from most kinds of calamities. Another significant period of rise arranging is the readiness stage in which crisis administrators endeavor to create activity intends to counter the event of a calamity. The greater part of the rise organizers invest a lot of energy and assets in this phase with an end goal to get ready themselves and arrange assets required. The normal measures attempted in this stage incorporate viable correspondence plans, preparing and support of development administrations comprehensive of enough HR to manage any fiasco that may happen (Krischenbaum, 2004, p. 21). Different measures incorporate the activity and improvement of viable strategies for notice the populace about the event of a crisis combined with departure plans and rise covers, support of enough calamity types of gear and flexibly other than the fundamental stock lastly, the advancement of development associations of appropriately prepared volunteers among the populace in a territory. Another significant part of this stage is the expectation of the losses that can be normal from a given fiasco which causes the organizers to appraise the sum and kind of assets expected to react to a rise. In the reaction stage, development chiefs are accused of the job of assembling all the necessary assets to manage a calamity. Assets, for example, firemen, police and rescue vehicle among others frames the main influx of responders to a calamity to help spare and put to a protected spot those hit by the catastrophe. The organizers assemble all the assets comprehensive of HR and other sort of assets, for example, clearing vehicles and stepping stools, clinical supplies among others. The viability of this stage depends on how well the organizers had composed and practiced the readiness stage (Krischenbaum, 2004, p. 43). The last stage is that of recuperation or remaking of the influenced territory with an end goal to reestablish it to its past status. Here, organizers would compose the reproduction of framework, and offering help to the influenced people to help recuperate and recreate their lives. 2. The procedure of hazard examination A hazard can be characterized as a quantifiable likelihood of explicit consequences. As to debacles, a hazard can be viewed as the likelihood of negative results of a calamity. Hazard investigation includes the use of different systems and strategies in evaluating the conceivable effect of a debacle event in a general public. It includes the utilization of different devices, for example, money saving advantage examination with an end goal to have a thought in regards to the potential effect of a fiasco. All things considered, hazard investigation is a significant advance in development the executives as it encourages rise directors to all the more likely sort out assets for compelling alleviation and reaction to a calamity. Hazard examination help in deciding the circumstances liable to happen and which needs the majority of the consideration in arranging process. It includes the distinguishing proof of dangers presented by a fiasco comprehensive of the financial and social dangers. In that capacity, calamity administrators ought to evaluate the dangers as far as loss of lives, property among different assets in the general public. After such ID, the administrators should attempt to evaluate the hazard through the utilization of different devices, for example, financial money saving advantage investigation. Regardless of whether confronted with a deficiency of assets or not, directors ought to embrace chance examination as this will assist them with having an away from of what they would expect if a given fiasco happens. They will have the option to successfully allot assets during the arranging time frame and adequately react to a given catastrophe with the necessary speed, assets and accuracy (Sundra, 1995, p. 98). A real evaluation of potential dangers through the accessible instruments of examination is subsequently significant if rise arranging process is to be viable all in all. Directors ought to in this manner lead chance examination for better designation of assets other than better arranging. 3. The significance of rise plan to a network or criticalness? There are different kinds of fiascos that can confront any given network. A few calamities are anything but difficult to moderate while others can't be relieved nor would they be able to be kept from happening. For instance, while it is conceivable to alleviate the outcomes of flooding, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to prevent the downpour from falling. In any case, measures can be set up to maintain a strategic distance from specific outcomes related with tropical storms by it is for all intents and purposes difficult to keep a typhoon from happening. A crisis plan is significant while managing debacles as it empowers a network or an office accused of the job of overseeing crises to more readily react to any event of such a catastrophe. For one, a rise plan helps in alleviating the event of debacles and the dangers related. Measures, for example, guaranteeing all the structures conform to compositional standards and guidelines helps in decreasing the danger of such structures falling if there should be an occurrence of a seismic tremor. Further, a crisis plan encourages the network to be totally arranged as far as types and the measure of assets that would be required if a debacle happens (Alexander, 2007, p. 47). Here, the network or the organization will have the assets prepared and this will enable the rise to group to react quick and viably. It will help in guaranteeing that all the necessary assets are accessible and successfully distributed when reacting to a debacle. Such an arrangement ought to along these lines incorporate all the assets required other than delineating the different strides to be followed while managing a fiasco. It ought to incorporate a cost examination or a spending covering all the assets required. In any case, all entertainers ought to be very much educated regarding the arrangement to guarantee a smooth progression of the considerable number of stages and steps required to manage a catastrophe. 4. Jobs played by development supervisors in arranging clinical rise for mass-setback episode Disasters which brings about mass losses request a great deal of asset designation and endeavors in favor of debacle administrators. When there are mass losses, clinical consideration can represent a major issue and consequently chiefs should be very much educated and proficient of the means that should be taken if such a circumstance happens. In that capacity, chiefs ought to have the option to arrange all the assets comprehensive of clinical group and clinical providers at any rate to manage the minor rate of wounds. Further, catastrophe supervisors ought to have the option to speak with the current medical clinic administrations about the losses and sort out with such emergency clinics to offer space to the setbacks. Then again, to encourage clinical consideration to mass setbacks, debacle supervisors can demand clinical staff from accessible emergency clinics other than arranging for transportation techniques, for example, helicopters to airdrop those influenced and ambulances to take the harmed to the medical clinics. The chiefs ought to completely help out different on-screen characters to guarantee that the causalities are dealt with. Departure and salvage groups ought to be prepared to un-trap the individuals who might be caught in different spots and to bring these individuals into wellbeing (Terry, 2003, p. 56). Additionally, a catastrophe supervisor can help out the network for a campground where portable clinics can be raised to help spare the circumstance. Clinical assistance ought to be looked for from different headings including associations, for example, the Red Cross among others. A total and consistent flexibly of clinical assets ought to be kept up to guarantee that all the clinical staff are completely provided and outfitted with the fundamental supplies. Each exertion and measures ought to be taken to guarantee that all the applicable on-screen characters are included and all the setbacks took care of. 5. What makes for a decent crisis director or calamity administrator? For one to be a decent catastrophe or crisis chief, there are a great deal of contemplations that should be placed into thought. Other that the expert capabilities required of such a director, other conduct and character characteristics are expected to guarantee the adequacy of the supervisor. A director can be completely instructed about available resources of managing a debacle or a crisis other than all the procedures required in such a circumstance yet may in any case be ineffectual in their administration. To begin with, a director should be a self pushing individual. At the point when confronted with a crisis, numerous choices should be made and quick. The supervisor ought to have the option to settle on snappy and viable choices with negligible dependence on others if the different advances included are to be effective. In any case, the chief ought to have the option to work under brutal conditions as is run of the mill with a large portion of the catastrophes. The person ought to have the option to adaptable to work at odd hours and be set up to take the necessary steps to spare the circumstance. When all is said in done, the chief ought to be a group head, self moving, adaptable as far as reality and furthermore be creative (Cahill, 2003, p. 103). Regardless of the presence of crisis offices and associations, there is lack of assets to a significant number of these offices. Assets, for example, ambula

Book Riots Deals of the Day for November 25th, 2019

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Norway, Cuba, And Jamaica - 1319 Words

My country’s populations that I will inform about are Norway, Cuba, and Jamaica. Norway is in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Cuba is a part of the Caribbean Sea, west of Haiti across the Windward Passage on and south of the Bahamas. Jamaica is island in the Caribbean Sea, which is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. These countries have very diverse cultures and populations due to many factors in each country. Norway has a population rate is about 1.3%, which means there is growth also known as surplus. The northern parts of the country are home to two main groups of the population of Sami with a different language and cultural traditions. The Gypsy population also is a part of the homogeneous population, which are both smaller populations. In the late twentieth century, the country let immigrants come in from other countries. The Norwegian people have a population of four million and they also promote cultural sharing. About 90 percent of the immigrants belong to the Evangelical Lutheran state church. Then the other five percent are members of other faiths and only five percent have no religion. Also, Constitutional monarchy is Norway s government type and the capital city is Oslo. The higher the education in America is greatly over religion to most people. In the Norwegian immigrant community the Lutheran church has their education in a Christian spirit. 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When Christopher Columbus confronted the Taino, he characterized them as â€Å"naked as the day they were born.† By 1550, close to all the Taino population was wiped out due to disease spread to the Americas by Spaniards. 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Analytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process

2.3.2 MCDA Models Related to Thesis Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are different methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods introduced by Tomas Saaty. AHP tries to solve the decision problem by modeling it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be modeled as a hierarchy. This complexity occurs because of the effect of criteria on each other or the effect of alternatives on criteria. The Analytic Network Process is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. ANP approach comprises four steps [87]: Step 1: Model construction and problem structuring: The problem should be stated clearly and decomposed into a rational system like a network Step 2: Pairwise comparisons and priority vectors: In ANP, like AHP, pairs of decision elements at each cluster are compared with respect to their importance towards their control criteria. In addition, interdependencies among criteria of a cluster must also be examined pairwise; the influence of each element on other elements can be represented by an eigenvector. The relative importance values are determined with Saaty’s scale. Step 3: Supermatrix formation: The Supermatrix concept is similar to the Markov chain process. To obtain global priorities in a system with interdependent influences, the local priority vectors are entered in the appropriate columns of aShow MoreRelatedAnalytic Hierarchy Process And Analytic Network Process Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process There are several methods to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are two methods created by Tomas Saaty. AHP endeavor to solve the decision making problem by formed it in a hierarchy while ANP is used when the problem is so complex that cannot be formed as a hierarchy. This complexity happens because of the effect of criteria between each other or the effect ofRead MoreIn This Paper, We Discuss How To Select The Best Network1668 Words   |  7 Pages In this paper, we discuss how to select the best network from the available radio networks in case of vehicular communication, for a particular voice application. 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Analysis Of The Id, Ego, And Superego In Medea - 801 Words

Edgar Allen Poe had once said, I was never really insane except upon occasions when my heart was touched†. Some might say the same, including the infamous Medea. Medea was a married woman and a mother of two who was left alone, heartbroken, and seeking revenge after her husband left her for a woman of higher status. Acting impulsively and irrationally, she executes a murderous plan, leaving her old lover with the funeral plans of both his new princess and their children. At first glance, one might say that she is heartless, evil, and spiteful; however, once analyzed using the psychoanalytic theory, one can quickly change their perspective to understand her better. Sigmund Freud developed the concept that one’s personality is classified†¦show more content†¦The individuals who actually behave through the superego point of view are the nurse, messenger, chorus, and the chorus leader. The chorus leader explains to Medea, â€Å"Since you’ve shared your plans with me, I urge you not to do this. I want to help you, holding to the standards of human law† (I.962-964). They are describing to her the repercussions of her potential actions hoping that they can stop her. At the beginning of the play, there are scenes where one can see the superego winning however, he quickly loses the battle as Medea sends off the poisonous dress to the Princess. Not only should one examine the internal conflicts within Medea that drive her to execute her plan, but they should also look into how she is able to mentally function while killing her offspring. A defense mechanism is an unconscious function that reduces anxiety within an individual. While deconstructing Medea, one can find many mechanisms that were used. One of the main defense mechanisms that Medea used was displacement. Displacement is diverting sexual and aggressive impulses towards an object that is more acceptable. In this case, that â€Å"object† is the princess. Insert proof of displacement Medea also used rationalization to help ease her thoughts with self-justification and sacrificing her children to the cause. Insert

Chef School Secrets Essay Example For Students

Chef School Secrets Essay Secrets of the C.I.A: Americas Premier Chefs SchoolGeorgia Southern University StatesboroThis narrative school portraiture will introduce the reader to one of the worlds finest culinary schools, and the leader in American culinary arts training. The history of culinary education in America will be examined and the rise of professional culinary education will be presented to familiarize the reader with the current state of this type of Additionally, the author will provide personal recollections from his own experience as a student at the Culinary in the late 1970s. The author will attempt to impart the flavor and mystique that the Culinary Institute of America represents to culinary professionals around the world. It is a special place in the hearts of many and more so in the hearts of its alumni. Secrets of the C.I.A: Americas Premier Chefs SchoolAs a young man, perhaps the age of 11 or 12, I was introduced to the world of the Chef. It was magic, gleaming stainless steel, aromas of simmering sauces, the taut military jaw of the Executive Chef looking over his brigade of cooks, pure magic for a boy who had dreams. My introduction to culinary arts came about through my involvement in Boy Scouts. As a youngster, growing up in the turbulent sixties, my life needed direction which was found in Scouting. The premises of Scouting are simple, work hard, gain rewards through the accomplishment of tasks, gain leadership opportunities to help younger scouts succeed; lessons learned for life. A part of Scouting is to proceed through a series of ranks, based on performance and the completion of work which garners a merit badge. As a scout earns merit badges, selected from a list much like a core courses are offered in a college major, the award of rank is presented in a ceremony attended by peers, parents and scout leaders. It is exciting, as Napoleon said in 1804 to Field Marshall Foch, . . . men wont walk across the street for money, but they will die for medals. Boys have similar motivation and do the same for a scout badge. The more merit badges earned, the higher the rank and more the prestige in the scouting community. Beginning with Tenderfoot, a scout progresses through the ranks as follows: Second Class, First Class, Star Scout, Life Scout and the final and most coveted award Eagle Scout. I had set my eyes on the prize of becoming an Eagle Scout, one of only two percent of scouts who accomplish this rank. One of the merit badges on the road to Eagle was Cooking, hence my introduction to Chef Johnson of the Ember Room. Chef Johnson, a graduate of the New Haven Restaurant Institute, was the expert who had to sign off on my Cooking merit badge completion sheet. With his signature the merit badge was mine and another box could be checked off toward my earning the hungered for Eagle Scout rank. This was easier said than done, as Chef Johnson was a task master who did not take his role as mentor lightly. I thrived under his scrutiny of my work like I had never done before, I liked it. With the help of my scout leaders and the patient guidance of Chef, I reached my goal and became an Eagle Scout in October 1966. Chef Johnson, even as an adult I never called him by his first name, instilled in me a new sense of self-respect and the ability to create a product which did so many things to and for people, it was indeed magic and POWER! I worked for Chef during my years in high school and sadly during the summer after graduation I left his gentle hand for the world only a young man can experience. My dream was to become the best chef, with a small c, as I could. I could not yet compare myself to my mentor and teacher, Chef with a big C. I must earn that right by paying my dues and learning my craft a day at a time. The opportunity to work in a variety of positions in hotels and restaurants was afforded me, based on my skill as a culinarian and my drive to become the best. As my career grew and my skills matured, it was time for me to find a mate to share my hopes and dreams. Into my life came my beautiful bride and wife of over twenty years, Moon. My darling inspired me to become what I had only rhapsodized about to her for years, attend culinary school and finally become a Chef, big C, like my mentor. At the age of thirty I applied to the premier chef school in the United States, The Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, New York, 3000 miles from my home in California and a world away from the Embers of my youth. Culinary education has not always been the modern curriculum and formalized training it is today. In the past, before there were chefs schools, there were professionals who dedicated their lifes work to teaching people to cook. The Boston Cooking School was one of the first significant cooking schools in the United States. In addition to teaching students to cook, they also taught how to instruct others to cook. In 1877, 30 year old Fannie Merrit Farmer attended the Boston Cooking School. After graduation she began teaching and eventually became the schools principal. She published the Boston School Cookbook in 1896. In an age when foods were measured by the pinch and handful, her teachings were very influential. Through her book and the school, she taught the importance of recipe accuracy and measurements. Her book is still a valid resource and remains in print today. In 1946, when television was in its infancy, James Beard began to teach through this brand new medium. Later he opened a cooking school in his Greenwich Village brownstone and for more than 30 years taught professionals and nonprofessionals the significance of American Cuisine. When Julie Child hit the airwaves, she showed America how to prepare and cook French Cuisine. These two events brought much publicity to the craft of being a chef. The 1940s was an important period for culinary education in America. As the postwar economy boomed, so did cooking schools. The same year James Beard aired his television show, the Culinary Institute of America was founded. The CIA was the first career oriented cooking school in the United States. Originally located on Yales campus in Connecticut and called the New Haven Restaurant Institute, the school relocated in 1972 to its present home in Hyde Park, New York. Prior to opening the CIA, if one wanted to become a chef, one had to apprentice under a seasoned master and learn the craft on the job. Apprenticing has always been the obvious choice for a European chef, but this was not the case in America. The Culinary Institute of America is perched high above the majestic Hudson river in one of the most beautiful locations in the world. The Hudson Valley has inspired artists for hundreds of years and spawned the Hudson Valley School of painting, spectacular landscapes and dreamy interp retations of nature at its pristine and unsullied best. The school is an imposing red brick, five story Victorian structure. It is actually a converted Jesuit Monastery, named St. Andrews on the Hudson. The thickly wooded and wildlife laden (deer, skunk, squirrel, racoon and the occasional black bear) 75 acre campus is home to more than 2000 full time culinary students who study in its ancient halls and modern kitchens. How Many Types Of Sharks Are There EssayAt graduation, which happens 16 times per year, students receive their diploma, a Cordon Bleu from which the bronze school medallion hangs and the tall toque, their newly earned badge of honor. Only 56% of students who began the program less than two years earlier graduate. Many leave because the school is too demanding, some quit because they realize that being a chef is a lot of work, others have money problems and cant afford to continue and some stay on as a full time employee at the restaurant where they did their mid-term externship. The ones who do graduate and the three guests they are each allowed to invite, are served a stupefyingly festive six course lunch, including four types of wine (two red, one white, one sparkling) by the Banquet Organization class. Diplomas in hand, Cordon around the neck, a head full of knowledge and hands full of skill, the CIA graduate is ready to take their place in line with the long list of great chefs who have come before them and live their dream of being a professional culinarian. I am proud to be one of these elite graduates. For the remainder of my life I will continue to abide by the traditions I learned and savor the experiences I enjoyed during my time at The Culinary. Bibliography:

Liberia A country struggling from the effects of civil war

Table of Contents Introduction – Facts on Liberia History of the Liberian civil war Literature review Possible solutions Conclusion References Introduction – Facts on Liberia Liberia is a country located on the shores North Atlantic Ocean in West Africa. Covering an area of 43,000 sq. miles and having a population of around 3.49 million people, its capital city is Monrovia, which has a population of 1.01 million. In addition, the country’s annual economic growth rate as at 2008 was 2.1%.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Liberia: A country struggling from the effects of civil war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike most African countries, Liberia was never officially colonized; it became a republic in 1847, having been established by slaves who had been sent to the country from the US after being set free. Liberia therefore regards the United States of America as its pseudo-col onialist. There are 16 indigenous tribes in Liberia with the most dominant group being the Kpelle accounting for about 20% of the population. There are also â€Å"descendants of freed slaves that arrived in Liberia after 1820, who make up less than 5% of the population† (US Department of State, 2010). The population of Liberia is predominantly Christian (85%) with Muslims forming a sizeable percentage, 12% (US Department of State, 2010). Moreover, the official language of Liberia is English. Liberia’s mainly depends on agriculture, with rubber being its cash crop. For many years, Liberia was among the stable countries in Africa until the onset of the civil war, which ravaged the country and brought it onto its knees. The country is now trying to recover from the devastating war, with political reforms being put in place. Liberia held its first democratic elections in November 2005, with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf emerging victorious to rule the nation and become the pioneer African woman to head country democratically elected. History of the Liberian civil war Since the inception of Liberia as a republic, it has been ruled mainly by the Americo-liberians. This is despite the fact that they account for less than 5% of the population. This group created legislation, which ensured that they remain in power. They ensured that the members of indigenous communities could not be allowed to vote until 1946 when the law was repealed. However, the domination of the americo-liberians continued until â€Å"1980 when a group from the indigenous Krahn tribe, led by Samuel Doe, staged a military coup against the government† that was led by William Tolbert, an Americo-liberians (Insight on Conflict, 2010). In a surprise turn of events, Doe put to death William Tolbert and many other officials of his government who were mainly americo-liberians and aided in the formation of Peoples Redemption Council (PRC), a party of the indigenous Liberians. This party ousted the True Whig Party, which had been in leadership since the inception of the republic (US department of state).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Doe’s subsequent rule was characterized by very cruel oppression of political opponents and general nepotism towards his ethnic tribe of Krahn. The favoritism of the Krahn tribe created ethnic tensions between them and other ethnic groups. Doe continued to rule the country until its invasion from Ivory Coast by Charles Taylor, former minister in Doe’s government. By early 1990, Taylor controlled much of Liberia but Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) prevented him from seizing Monrovia. In fact, the power struggle between Taylor and Doe created a very bloody civil war (US department of state, 2010). ECOWAS facilitated a peace agreement, which led to the formation of a five-man transition government , leading to disarmament and eventually elections on 19th July 1997 (US department of state, 2010). Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Party worn the elections by collecting 75%; however, democracy led to increased ethnic tensions in the groups, which were loyal to the opponents of Charles Taylor. At the same time, Taylor’s support for a rebel faction involved in the Sierra Leone civil war, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led to regional tensions. This later led to renewed violence in Liberia. The second civil war was ignited by conflict between the Liberians for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) group and the local community; however, the government could do little to quell the situation as a result of sanctions, a situation that accelerated the spread to the strife in the country killing dozens of citizens. This culminated in the eventual resignation of Taylor in 2003 after he had lost control of about two thirds of Liberia leading to the arrival of peacekee pers to quell the heavy fighting in the capital Monrovia. Taylor was thereafter put to trial in Sierra Leone due to his support of the RUF, which was involved in the Sierra Leone civil war (Insight on conflict, 2010). Among the root causes of the first civil war in Liberia was ethnicity between the tribes of Liberia. This problem was first cultivated by the americo-liberians who founded the state of Liberia. They denied the indigenous tribes the right to vote in elections and put in place other legislations, which generally oppressed the indigenous Liberians. This was despite the fact that they were not indigenously Liberians and accounted for a very small percentage of the total Liberian population Literature review Many different scholars have studied the civil war in Liberia and proposed different causes of the conflict. One such explanation of the Liberian civil war is the ethnic theory. The country was divided into the americo-liberians and 16 indigenous groups. The people who controlled the country both politically and economically were the americo-liberians; and each of the groups had its own institutions, cultures, and values, as well as motives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Liberia: A country struggling from the effects of civil war specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The americo-liberians wanted total political and economic control of the country despite the fact that they formed less than 5% of the total population of the country. In addition, the americo-liberians dominated the political and economic aspects of Liberia from 1847-1980. However, they were succeeded by another ethnic community, the Krahn, which dominated the country from 1980-1999. Moreover, each of the groups that was in power tried to benefit only people from the same ethnic group (Kieh, 2008, p18). Another explanation of the causes of civil war in Liberia is known as the settler state theory. This theo ry classifies the Liberian community into two groups: the settlers and the indigenous group. The settlers, the americo-liberians, came from abroad and their main agenda was to establish domination in the country where they settled. The settlers saw themselves as superior to the indigenous group. They tried to make the indigenous group conform to their cultures and termed the cultures of the indigenous group as backward. After the indigenous groups accepted the cultures of the settlers, they formulated laws to help them acquire land and have general domination over the indigenous group. The settlers also gradually become autonomous from the mother nation, and then established systems to advance their general agenda (Kieh, 2008 p25). Both these theories have been used to explain the causes of Liberian civil war. However, these theories are not correct; one important point to note is that in both cases, the theories explain that the civil war is caused by general inequality in the Libe rian society with some groups of people being superior to others. The levels of inequalities between the americo-liberians and the indigenous communities are very high in Liberia. Indeed, the americo-liberians control a large part of the social, economic, and political spheres of the Liberian society. Possible solutions Many countries in Africa have had civil wars including Angola, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast, with Angola having had the longest civil war in Africa (Handelman, 2010). However, depending on how a country tackles the challenges posed by civil war, it may be the springboard for a nation’s path to prosperity. Many countries have emerged even stronger after being on the brink of total collapse due to civil war. For instance, the American civil war helped America to become even stronger politically and economically. Immediately after the war, measures were taken to ensure equality of blacks who were considered inferior to the whit es. This was through the enactment of various legislations by the state, with the thirteenth amendment to the constitution (1865) abolishing slavery.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The congress then passed legislation to ensure that the blacks had more freedom (the civil Rights Act). This gave the blacks the freedom to enter into contracts, own property and bear witness in court, as well as giving the blacks more economic and political freedom. These and other legislations allowed the states that had left the Union to come back to the union, the result of which was consolidation of peace and prosperity of the United States of America. To reduce the probabilities of occurrence of civil war the government must be able to fully tackle the underlying problems that led to the civil war so that there may be long-term prosperity. In Liberia, the greatest problem has mainly been lack of ethnic equality and fair distribution of resources. These are the main factors that led to the first and second Liberian civil wars. However, the government must first tackle the immediate problems that the country faces due to the prolonged civil war. Disarmament of the youth should b e among the priorities of the government. The government must also devise means of integrating these youths into the community to avoid recurrent violence; for instance, the youth must be taught how to coexist peacefully with other members of the community (Youth in Humanitarian Crises, 2010). The government must also create ways of rebuilding the infrastructure, which was destroyed by the war. These include transport and communication systems, electricity, and improvement in security. However, the most important measure to guarantee prosperity would be the enactment of legislation, which gives economic and political freedom to the population. This would ensure peace and therefore help in attracting foreign investors into the country, thereby helping in job creation and reduction of other problems caused by the war (Radelet, 2007, p 8). The government must also ensure that there is peace and security, in addition to revitalization of the economic activity. Primarily, the majority of Liberians are dependent on agriculture for their income, with rubber being the main cash crop. Therefore, the government should move in quickly to restore the agricultural production in the country through subsidies and other viable agricultural policies. This will not only enhance food supply in the country, but also create jobs for ex-fighters, refugees, and youth. The opening up of the economy through the reduction of barriers to trade will lead attraction of investments in manufacturing and services industries. This will create jobs for both skilled and unskilled people while at the same time enhancing exports, thereby enabling the government get the much-needed foreign exchange. Finally, the government should strengthen the governance and establish the rule of law in the country, strive to create an efficient civil service and eradicate corruption and impunity. The government should also strengthen the judiciary and parliament so that the two may act as foundation for the rule of law (Radelet, 2007, p 9). Conclusion Most third world countries have at one time of their existence either had a civil conflict or are still in a state of civil war. Therefore, civil war presents a major setback for most third world countries in achieving economic and political prosperity. These countries must therefore be able to understand the reasons of civil war in order to avoid them at any cost. Since most third world countries have had the experience of civil war at one time of their existence, how they tackle their post civil war problems determines so much about their future path to prosperity. This will also apply to Liberia, a country that is currently recovering from the pangs of civil war that had significant and adverse effect on its socio-economic and political environments. References Handelman, H. (2009). The challenge of Third World development: NJ: Prentice Hall – Pearson. Insight on conflict. (2010). Conflict Profile: Liberia. Web. Kieh, G. K. (2008). The first Liberian civil war: the crises of underdevelopment. Lang publishing. Web. Radelet, S. (2007). Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia Working Paper 133. Centre for Global Development. Web. US Department of State. (2010). Background Note: Liberia. Web. Youth in humanitarian crises. (2010). 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